Qiang (historical people)

Qiang
羌
	Depiction of an envoy of Dengzhi (鄧至), a Qiang ethnic group, from a Portraits of Periodical Offering painting, 6th century CE
Regions with significant populations
	Ancient China

Qiang (Chinese: 羌; pinyin: Qiāng; Wade–Giles: Ch'iang) was a name given to various groups of people at different periods in ancient China. The Qiang people are generally thought to have been of Tibeto-Burman origin,^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] though there are other theories.

The Tangut people of the Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties may be of Qiang descent.^[1] The modern Qiang people as well as Tibetans may also have been descended in part from the ancient Qiangs.^[6]

^ ^a ^b Edwin G. Pulleyblank (1983). "Chapter 14 - The Chinese and Their Neighbors in Prehistoric and Early Historic Times". In David Keightley (ed.). The Origins of Chinese Civilization. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-04229-8.
^ Sigfried J. de Laet, Joachim Herrmann: History of Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. UNESCO, 1996, page 501.
^ Sanping Chen: Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012.
^ Patricia Buckley Ebrey: The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, Cambridge University Press, 2010, page 69.
^ Henry Luce Foundation Professor of East Asian Studies Nicola Di Cosmo, Nicola Di Cosmo, Don J Wyatt. Political Frontiers, Ethnic Boundaries and Human Geographies in Chinese History. Routledge, 2005, page 87.
^ Cite error: The named reference South-West China was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[pulleyblank-1] Edwin G. Pulleyblank (1983). "Chapter 14 - The Chinese and Their Neighbors in Prehistoric and Early Historic Times". In David Keightley (ed.). The Origins of Chinese Civilization. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-04229-8.

[2] Sigfried J. de Laet, Joachim Herrmann: History of Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. UNESCO, 1996, page 501.

[3] Sanping Chen: Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012.

[4] Patricia Buckley Ebrey: The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, Cambridge University Press, 2010, page 69.

[5] Henry Luce Foundation Professor of East Asian Studies Nicola Di Cosmo, Nicola Di Cosmo, Don J Wyatt. Political Frontiers, Ethnic Boundaries and Human Geographies in Chinese History. Routledge, 2005, page 87.

[South-West_China-6] Cite error: The named reference South-West China was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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