R-36 (missile)

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R-36
Liftoff of a Dnepr rocket, a launch vehicle derived from the R-36 ICBM
Type	Intercontinental ballistic missile
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1966–1979 (original variant) 1988–present (R-36M2 Voevoda variant)
Used by	Russian Strategic Rocket Forces
Production history
Designed	From 1962
Manufacturer	Factory: Yuzhny Machine-Building Plant Developer: Yuzhnoye Design Office
Unit cost	$7,000,000
Specifications
Mass	209,600 kg (462,100 lb)
Length	18,900 mm (740 in) - (R-36-O) 32,200 mm (1,270 in)
Diameter	3,050 mm (120 in)
Warhead	Depending on variant (see variants). Newest (R-36M2), 10 × 550–750 kiloton MIRV warheads with a large amount of decoys and other penetration aids. Originally (R-36), 1 × 8–20 megaton warhead.
Engine	Two or often three liquid fueled rocket stages First Stage: 1x RD-251 (R-36) 1x RD-251P (R-36P) 1x RD-251M (R-36-O)[1][2] 1x RD-264 (R-36M) 1x RD-264 (R-36MUTTKh) 1x RD-264 (R-36M2)[3] Second Stage: 1x RD-252 (R-36) 1x RD-252 (R-36P)[1] 1x RD-0228 (R-36M) 1x RD-0255 (R-36MUTTKh) 1x RD-0255 (R-36M2)[3] Third Stage: 1x RD-864 (R-36MUTTKh) 1x RD-869 (R-36M2)[3]
Propellant	N2O4/UDMH
Operational range	10,200–16,000 km
Guidance system	Inertial, autonomous
Accuracy	220–1,300 m CEP
Launch platform	Silo

The R-36 (Russian: Р-36) is a family of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and space launch vehicles (Tsyklon) designed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The original R-36 was deployed under the GRAU index 8K67 and was given the NATO reporting name SS-9 Scarp. It was able to carry three warheads and was the first Soviet MRV (multiple re-entry vehicle) missile.^[4] The later version, the R-36M, also known as RS20, was produced under the GRAU designations 15A14 and 15A18 and was given the NATO reporting name SS-18 Satan. This missile was viewed by certain United States analysts as giving the Soviet Union first strike advantage over the U.S., particularly because of its rapid silo-reload ability, very heavy throw weight and extremely large number of re-entry vehicles. Some versions of the R-36M were deployed with 10 warheads and up to 40 penetration aids and the missile's high throw-weight made it theoretically capable of carrying more warheads or penetration aids. Contemporary U.S. missiles, such as the Minuteman III, carried up to three warheads at most.

The R-36 became the base for the Tsyklon launch vehicles family. As of early 2021, Cyclone-4M, the last Tsyklon variant in development, is planned for launch in 2023 from Canso, Nova Scotia.^[5]

Some R-36 missiles have been converted into Dnepr medium-lift launch vehicles, capable of putting up to 4,500 kg into orbit.