Robert I, Duke of Parma

Robert I
Robert I
	Duke Robert I in 1900
Duke of Parma and Piacenza
Reign	27 March 1854 – 9 June 1859
Predecessor	Charles III
Regent	Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois
Head of the House of Bourbon-Parma
Tenure	9 June 1859 – 16 November 1907
Successor	Henry
Born	9 July 1848; Florence, Tuscany
Died	16 November 1907 (aged 59); Viareggio, Italy
Spouses	; Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies; (m. 1869; died 1882) ; Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal; (m. 1884)
Issue; more...	Marie Louise, Princess of Bulgaria; Henry, Duke of Parma; Joseph, Duke of Parma; Elias, Duke of Parma; Prince Sixtus; Xavier, Duke of Parma; Zita, Empress of Austria; Felix, Prince consort of Luxembourg; Prince René; Prince Gaetano
House	Bourbon-Parma
Father	Charles III, Duke of Parma
Mother	Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois

Robert I (Italian: Roberto Carlo Luigi Maria; 9 July 1848 – 16 November 1907) was the last sovereign Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1854 until 1859, when the duchy was annexed to Sardinia-Piedmont during the Risorgimento. He was a member of the House of Bourbon-Parma and descended from Philip, Duke of Parma, the third son of King Philip V of Spain and Queen Elisabeth Farnese.