Back سوانية (ثقافة) Arabic Soanià Catalan Kultura Sóán Czech Cultura soaniana Spanish Soani kultuur Estonian Соан мәдениеті Kazakh Soanien Dutch سواں رہتل PNB Соанская культура Russian Soanian SIMPLE
| Geographical range | Pakistan[1] |
|---|---|
| Period | Quaternary |
| Dates | c.774,000–114,000BCE or c.11,700BCE[2][3] |
| Type site | Siwalik region[1] |
| Major sites | Siwalik Hills[1] |
| The Paleolithic |
|---|
| ↑ Pliocene (before Homo) |
| ↓ Mesolithic |
The Soanian culture is a prehistoric technological culture from the Siwalik Hills Pakistan.[1][4] It is named after the Soan Valley in Pakistan.[5] Soanian sites are found along the Siwalik region in present-day India, Nepal and Pakistan.[6] The Soanian culture has been approximated to have taken place during the Middle Pleistocene period or the mid-Holocene epoch (Northgrippian).[7][8] Debates still goes on today regarding the exact period occupied by the culture due to artefacts often being found in non-datable surface context.[7] This culture was first discovered and named by the anthropology and archaeology team led by Helmut De Terra and Thomas Thomson Paterson.[7] Soanian artifacts were manufactured on quartzite pebbles, cobbles, and occasionally on boulders, all derived from various fluvial sources on the Siwalik landscape. Soanian assemblages generally comprise varieties of choppers, discoids, scrapers, cores, and numerous flake type tools, all occurring in varying typo-technological frequencies at different sites.[9]
Excluding some localities in the Soan Valley of Pakistan, the site complex of Guler (Beas Valley) and Toka in India, and the Arjun-3 site in Nepal, Soanian and similar assemblages rarely comprise more than a few dozen artifacts. The emergence of Soanian tools has been tied to the local development of boulder conglomerate formation through prehistoric tectonic processes that created convenient transporting system for raw materials.[8]
Recent researches have been focusing on the technological culture's connection with the Harappan culture that originated near the Indus River.[7]
- ^ a b c d Gwen Robbins Schug; Subhash R. Walimbe (13 April 2016). A Companion to South Asia in the Past. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 39–. ISBN 978-1-119-05547-1. Quote: “Soanian and Soanian‐like assemblages are known throughout the entire Siwalik or Sub‐ Himalayan region, from Pakistan to northeast India including Nepal...”
- ^ Petraglia & Allchin 2007, pp. 5–6.
- ^ Murray, Tim (1999). Time and Archaeology. London: Routledge. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-415-11762-3.
- ^ Lycett, Stephen J. (2007). "Is the Soanian techno-complex a Mode 1 or Mode 3 phenomenon? A morphometric assessment" (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science. 34 (9): 1434–1440. Bibcode:2007JArSc..34.1434L. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2006.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-10-07. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
- ^ Paracha, Nadeem F. (February 2, 2017). "Pakistan: The lesser-known histories of an ancient land". DAWN.COM.
- ^ Chauhan, Parth R., An Overview of the Siwalik Acheulian & Reconsidering Its Chronological Relationship with the Soanian – A Theoretical Perspective.
- ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference
:0was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Chauhan, Parth R. (May 2008). "Soanian lithic occurrences and raw material exploitation in the Siwalik Frontal Zone, northern India: a geoarchaeological perspective". Journal of Human Evolution. 54 (5): 591–614. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.09.017. ISSN 0047-2484. PMID 18255121.
- ^ Paterson, T.T., Drummond, H.J.H., 1962. Soan the Palaeolithic of Pakistan.Department of Archaeology, Government of Pakistan Karachi.
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