Back Сомалиленд Abkhazian Somaliland Afrikaans ሶማሊላንድ Amharic Somalilandia AN Somalaland ANG सोमालीदेश ANP صوماليلاند Arabic ܨܘܡܐܠܝܠܢܕ ARC صوماليلاند ARZ Somalilandia AST

Somaliland

Not to be confused with Somalia. For other uses of the name "Somaliland", see Somaliland (disambiguation).

Republic of Somaliland
Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliland (Somali)
جمهورية صوماليلاند (Arabic)
Jumhūrīyat Ṣūmālīlānd
Motto: لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله
Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muḥammadun rasūlu-llāh
"There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the Messenger of God"
Anthem: Samo ku waar
حياة طويلة مع السلام
"Live in Eternal Peace"
  Territory controlled
  Territory disputed
StatusUnrecognised state; recognised by the United Nations as de jure part of Somalia
Capital
and largest city
Hargeisa
9°33′N 44°03′E / 9.550°N 44.050°E / 9.550; 44.050
Official languagesSomali
Second languageArabic,[1] English
Religion
Islam (official)
Demonym(s)
GovernmentUnitary presidential republic
• President
Muse Bihi Abdi
Abdirahman Saylici
Yasin Haji Mohamoud
Adan Haji Ali
LegislatureParliament
• Upper house
House of Elders
• Lower house
House of Representatives
Formation
c. 2500 BCE
1185
1750–1884
• Establishment of British protectorate
1884
• Independence of the State of Somaliland from the United Kingdom
26 June 1960[1]
1 July 1960[1]
18 May 1991[1]
13 June 2001
Area
• Total
177,000[3] km2 (68,000 sq mi)
Population
• 2024 estimate
6,200,000[4] (109th)
• Density
28.27[3]/km2 (73.2/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)2022 estimate
• Total
$3.782 billion[5]
• Per capita
$852[5]
CurrencySomaliland shilling
Time zoneUTC+3 (EAT)
Date formatd/m/yy (AD)
Driving sideright
Calling code+252 (Somalia)

Somaliland, officially the Republic of Somaliland, is an de facto state [6] in the Horn of Africa, recognised internationally as de jure part of Somalia.[7][8][9] It is located in the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden and bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Ethiopia to the south and west, and Somalia to the east.[10][11][12][13] Its claimed territory has an area of 176,120 square kilometres (68,000 sq mi),[14] with approximately 6.2 million residents as of 2024.[15][16] The capital and largest city is Hargeisa. The Government of Somaliland regards itself as the successor state to British Somaliland, which, as the briefly independent State of Somaliland, united from 1960 to 1991 with the Trust Territory of Somaliland (the former Italian Somaliland) to form the Somali Republic.[17]

Since 1991, the territory has been governed by democratically elected governments that seek international recognition as the government of the Republic of Somaliland.[18][19][20][21] The central government maintains informal ties with some foreign governments, who have sent delegations to Hargeisa;[22][23][24] Somaliland hosts representative offices from several countries, including Ethiopia and Taiwan.[25][26] However, Somaliland's self-proclaimed independence has not been officially recognised by any UN member state or international organisation.[22][27][28] It is the largest unrecognised state in the world by de facto controlled land area. It is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, an advocacy group whose members consist of indigenous peoples, minorities and unrecognised or occupied territories.[29]

  1. ^ a b c d website, Somallilandlaw.com – an independent non-for-profit. "Somaliland Constitution". www.somalilandlaw.com. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
  2. ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs Unveils The Somaliland Country Profile". somalilandchronicle.com. 21 June 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Republic of Somaliland – Country Profile 2021" (PDF). March 2021.
  4. ^ "Somaliland's population reaches 6.2 million". Horn Diplomat. 19 April 2024. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
  5. ^ a b "Budget outlook paper for FY2024" (PDF). Somaliland Ministry of Finance Development.
  6. ^ https://defactostates.ut.ee/overview-2023-de-facto-states-quest-survival-and-viability/
  7. ^ "Somalia/Somaliland: The differences and issues explained | ActionAid UK".
  8. ^ "Somaliland: The Horn of Africa's Breakaway State".
  9. ^ "Security Council Press Statement on Situation in Somalia | UN Press".
  10. ^ "Analysis: Time for jaw-jaw, not war-war in Somaliland". Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  11. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, The New Encyclopædia Britannica, (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2002), p.835
  12. ^ "STRATO – Domain not available". www.somalilandlaw.com.
  13. ^ Stafford, J. H.; Collenette, C. L. (1931). "The Anglo-Italian Somaliland Boundary". The Geographical Journal. 78 (2): 102–121. Bibcode:1931GeogJ..78..102S. doi:10.2307/1784441. JSTOR 1784441.
  14. ^ Lansford, Tom (24 March 2015). Political Handbook of the World 2015. CQ Press. ISBN 978-1-4833-7155-9.
  15. ^ "Somaliland's population reaches 6.2 million". Horn Diplomat. 19 April 2024. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
  16. ^ "Somaliland population reaches 6.2 million, government reports". www.hiiraan.com. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  17. ^ The New Encyclopædia Britannica (2002), p. 835.
  18. ^ "Country Profile". somalilandgov.com. Government of Somaliland. Archived from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
  19. ^ "De Facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland" (PDF). Journal of International Affairs. Yale University. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2010. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
  20. ^ Schoiswohl, Michael (2004). Status and (Human Rights) Obligations of Non-Recognized De Facto Regimes in International Law. University of Michigan: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 351. ISBN 978-90-04-13655-7.
  21. ^ "Regions and Territories: Somaliland". BBC News. 25 September 2009. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
  22. ^ a b Lacey, Marc (5 June 2006). "The Signs Say Somaliland, but the World Says Somalia". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
  23. ^ "Chronology for Issaq in Somalia". Minorities at Risk Project. United Nations Refugee Agency. 2004. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
  24. ^ "Interview with Ambassador Brook Hailu Beshah". International Affairs Review. 8 November 2008. Archived from the original on 5 May 2009. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
  25. ^ "Trade office of The FDRE to Somaliland- Hargeysa". mfa.gov.et. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012.
  26. ^ Asia West and Africa Department. "Republic of Somaliland". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  27. ^ "Reforming Somaliland's Judiciary" (PDF). UN.org. United Nations. 9 January 2006. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
  28. ^ "Arab League condemns Israel over Somaliland recognition". ethjournal.com. 7 March 2010. Archived from the original on 21 June 2010. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
  29. ^ "UNPO REPRESENTATION: Government of Somaliland". UNPO.org. 1 February 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2020.

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