Back Suidwes-Afrika Afrikaans جنوب غرب إفريقيا Arabic África del Suroeste AST گونئی باتی آفریقا AZB দক্ষিণ পশ্চিম আফ্রিকা Bengali/Bangla Mervent Afrika Breton Àfrica del Sud-oest Catalan Jihozápadní Afrika Czech Sydvestafrika Danish Südwestafrika German
Territory of South West Africa | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1915–1990 | |||||||||
| Motto: Viribus Unitis (Latin for "With United Forces") | |||||||||
| Anthem: "God Save the King" (1915–52); "God Save the Queen" (1952–57)[a] "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika" (1938–90)[1] (English: "The Call of South Africa") | |||||||||
_(orthographic_projection).svg) Location of South West Africa (light green) within South Africa (dark green) | |||||||||
| Status | Mandate of South Africa | ||||||||
| Capital and largest city | Windhoek | ||||||||
| Official languages | |||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||
| Demonym(s) | South West African Namibian | ||||||||
| Administrator | |||||||||
• 1915–1920 | Sir Edmond Howard Lacam Gorges | ||||||||
• 1985–1990 | Louis Pienaar | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
| 9 July 1915 | |||||||||
| 28 June 1919 | |||||||||
• Mandate repealed by the UN | 27 October 1966 | ||||||||
• Territory renamed to Namibia | 12 June 1968 | ||||||||
• Independence | 21 March 1990 | ||||||||
| Currency | South West African pound (1920–1961) South African rand (1961–1990) | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Namibia | ||||||||
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| History of Namibia |
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South West Africa[b], renamed to Namibia from 12 June 1968 was a territory under South African administration from 1915 to 1990, after which it became modern-day Namibia. It bordered Angola (a Portuguese colony before 1975), Botswana (Bechuanaland before 1966), South Africa, and Zambia (Northern Rhodesia before 1964). During its administration, South Africa applied its own apartheid system in the territory of South West Africa.[2][3][4][5]
A German colony known as German South West Africa from 1884 to 1915, it was made a League of Nations mandate of the Union of South Africa following Germany's defeat in the First World War. Although the mandate was repealed by the United Nations on 27 October 1966, South African control over the territory continued despite its illegality under international law.[6] The territory was administered directly by the South African government from 1915 to 1978, when the Turnhalle Constitutional Conference laid the groundwork for semi-autonomous rule. During an interim period between 1978 and 1985, South Africa gradually granted South West Africa a limited form of home rule, culminating in the formation of a Transitional Government of National Unity.
In 1990, South West Africa was granted independence as the Republic of Namibia with the exception of Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands, which continued to remain under South African rule until 1994.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
- ^ "South Africa Will Play Two Anthems Hereafter". The New York Times. New York. 3 June 1938. p. 10. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
- ^ Hasan, Najmul (1975). "Namibia: South— West Africa". Pakistan Horizon. 28 (3): 63–64. ISSN 0030-980X. JSTOR 41393277.
- ^ Crawford, Neta (2002). Argument and Change in World Politics. Cambridge University Press. p. 336.
- ^ Hebdon, Geoffrey (2022). Zero Hour: A Countdown to the Collapse of South Africa's Apartheid System. p. 683.
- ^ Streissguth, Thomas (2008). Namibia in Pictures. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 29.
- ^ "The End of Apartheid". Archive: Information released online prior to January 20, 2009. United States Department of State. 2009. Archived from the original on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009.
South Africa had illegally occupied neighboring Namibia at the end of World War II, and since the mid-1970s, Pretoria had used it as a base to fight the communist party in Angola.
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