Springfield Armory

Springfield Armory National Historic Site
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark District
U.S. National Historic Site
The clocktower of the Main Arsenal building, built in 1847
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Location	Armory Sq., Springfield, Massachusetts, United States
Coordinates	42°6′29″N 72°34′54″W / 42.10806°N 72.58167°W / 42.10806; -72.58167
Built	1778; 246 years ago (1778)
Architectural style	Greek Revival
Website	Springfield Armory National Historic Site
NRHP reference No.	66000898[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	October 15, 1966
Designated NHLD	December 19, 1960

The Springfield Armory, more formally known as the United States Armory and Arsenal at Springfield located in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts, was the primary center for the manufacture of United States military firearms from 1777 until its closing in 1968. It was the first federal armory and one of the first factories in the United States dedicated to the manufacture of weapons.^[2] The site is preserved as the Springfield Armory National Historic Site, Western Massachusetts' only unit of the national park system. It features the world's largest collection of historic American firearms.^[3]

Famous first as the United States' primary arsenal during the American Revolutionary War, and then as the scene of a confrontation during Shays' Rebellion, the Springfield Armory in the 19th and 20th centuries became the site of numerous technological innovations of global importance, including interchangeable parts, the assembly line style of mass production, and modern business practices, such as hourly wages. The facility would play a decisive role in the American Civil War, producing most of the weaponry used by Union troops which, in sum, outpaced Confederate firearm production by a ratio of 32 to 1.^[4] American historian Merritt Roe Smith has posited that advancements in machine manufacturing which allowed the facility to increase production capacity by more than 25 fold, from 9,601 rifles in 1860 to 276,200 in 1864, served as a precursor to the mass production of the Second Industrial Revolution and 20th century assembly line production.^[5] The numerous firearm models produced at the Springfield Armory from 1794 to 1968 are referred to as "Springfield muskets and rifles".