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 Excavation at the site, September 2008 | |
.svg)  Location of the site within Russia .svg) Tmutarakan (European Russia) | |
| Alternative name | Hermonassa |
|---|---|
| Location | Krasnodar Krai, Russia |
| Region | Taman Peninsula |
| Coordinates | 45°13′09″N 36°42′51″E / 45.21917°N 36.71417°E |
| Type | Settlement |
| History | |
| Founded | 6th century BCE |
| Abandoned | After 14th century CE |
| Site notes | |
| Condition | In ruins |
Tmutarakan[1] (Russian: Тмутарака́нь, romanized: Tmutarakán', IPA: [tmʊtərɐˈkanʲ]; Old East Slavic: Тъмуторокань, romanized: Tǔmutorokanǐ)[2] was a medieval principality of Kievan Rus' and trading town that controlled the Cimmerian Bosporus, the passage from the Black Sea to the Sea of Azov, between the late 10th and 11th centuries. Its site was the ancient Greek colony of Hermonassa (Ancient Greek: Ἑρμώνασσα) founded in the mid 6th century BCE, by Mytilene (Lesbos), situated on the Taman peninsula, in present-day Krasnodar Krai, Russia, roughly opposite Kerch.[3] The Khazar fortress of Tamantarkhan (from which the Byzantine name for the city, Tamatarcha, is derived) was built on the site in the 7th century, and became known as Tmutarakan when it came under the control of Kievan Rus'.
- ^ Occasionally, Tmutorakan.
- ^ Vasmer, Max. "Тмуторокань".
- ^ Andrew Burn, The Lyric Age of Greece, New York, St Martin's Press, 1960 p. 119 & n. 60.
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