Back Tomojoeki Jamasjita Afrikaans تومويوكي ياماشيتا Arabic Tomoyuki Yamashita BCL Томоюки Ямашита Bulgarian Tomoyuki Yamashita Breton Tomoyuki Yamashita Catalan Tomojuki Jamašita Czech Yamashita Tomoyuki German Tomojuki Ĝamaŝita Esperanto Tomoyuki Yamashita Spanish
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Tomoyuki Yamashita | |
|---|---|
山下 奉文 | |
 | |
| Military Governor of Japan to the Philippines | |
| In office 26 September 1944 – 2 September 1945 | |
| Monarch | Emperor Shōwa |
| Preceded by | Shigenori Kuroda |
| Succeeded by | Position abolished |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 8 November 1885 Ōtoyo, Kōchi, Empire of Japan |
| Died | 23 February 1946 (aged 60) Los Baños, Laguna, Commonwealth of the Philippines |
| Cause of death | Execution by hanging |
| Resting place | Tama Reien Cemetery, Fuchū, Tokyo, Japan |
| Alma mater | Imperial Japanese Army Academy |
| Awards | Order of the Golden Kite Order of the Rising Sun Order of the Sacred Treasure Order of the German Eagle |
| Nickname(s) | Tiger of Malaya The Beast of Bataan[1] |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Empire of Japan |
| Branch/service |  Imperial Japanese Army |
| Years of service | 1905–1945 |
| Rank |  General |
| Commands | 25th Army 1st Area Army 14th Area Army |
| Battles/wars | World War I Second Sino-Japanese War Pacific War |
Tomoyuki Yamashita (山下 奉文, Yamashita Tomoyuki, 8 November 1885 – 23 February 1946; also called Tomobumi Yamashita[2]) was a Japanese convicted war criminal and general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. Yamashita led Japanese forces during the invasion of Malaya and Battle of Singapore, his conquest of Malaya and Singapore in 70 days earned him the sobriquet "The Tiger of Malaya" and led to the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill calling the ignominious fall of Singapore to Japan the "worst disaster" and "largest capitulation" in British military history.[3] Yamashita was assigned to defend the Philippines from the advancing Allies later in the war. Although he was unable to prevent the superior Allied forces from advancing, despite dwindling supplies and Allied guerrilla action, he was able to hold on to part of Luzon until after the formal Surrender of Japan in August 1945.
After the war, Yamashita was tried for war crimes committed by troops under his command during the Japanese defense of the occupied Philippines in 1944. Yamashita denied ordering those war crimes and denied having knowledge that they even occurred. Conflicting evidence was presented during the trial concerning whether Yamashita had implicitly affirmed commission of these crimes in his orders and whether he knew of the crimes being committed. The court eventually found Yamashita guilty and he was executed in February, 1946. The ruling against Yamashita – holding the commander responsible for subordinates' war crimes as long as the commander did not attempt to discover and stop them from occurring – came to be known as the Yamashita standard.
- ^ Marouf Hasian, In the Name of Necessity: Military Tribunals and the Loss of American Civil Liberties, University of Alabama Press, 2012, p. 286 (chapter 7, note 6). "Contemporary writers sometimes called Yamashita the "Beast of Bataan." See "The Philippines: Quiet Room in Manila," Time, 12 November, 194.5, 21."
- ^ [1] Virtual International Authority File
- ^ Churchill, Winston (2002). Churchill, Winston (2002). The Second World War. London: Pimlico. ISBN 978-0712667029.
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