Tuvan People's Republic

Tuvan People's Republic
*Тыва Арат Республика* (Tuvan)
Tuvan People's Republic Тыва Арат Республика (Tuvan)
1921–1944
	Flag; (1943–1944) Emblem; (1943–1944)
	Anthem: ; Tuvan Internationale (1921–1944); Тыва Интернационал The Taiga Filled With Pine Nuts (1944); Тооруктуг долгай таңдым;
	Blue line is the early border of the TPR; Red line is the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast border
	Location of the Tuvan People's Republic; (modern-day boundaries)
Status	Soviet satellite
Capital	Kyzyl; 51°41′53″N 94°23′24″E / 51.698°N 94.390°E
Common languages	Tuvan; Russian; Mongolian;
Religion	State atheism; Tibetan Buddhism; Shamanism; Old Believers; Eastern Orthodoxy;
Government	Unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party socialist republic
Party leader
• 1921–1922 (first)	Mongush Nimachap
• 1932–1944 (last)	Salchak Toka
Head of state
• 1921–1922 (first)	Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy
• 1940–1944 (last)	Khertek Anchimaa-Toka
Head of government
• 1923–1924 (first)	Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy
• 1941–1944 (last)	Saryg-Donggak Chymba
Legislature	People's Khural
Historical era	Interwar period, World War II
• Independence	14 August 1921
• Absorbed by the USSR	11 October 1944
Population
• 1931	82,200
• 1944	95,400
Currency	Tuvan akşa
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Uryankhay Krai
	Russian Occupation
	Chinese Occupation
Tuvan AO
Today part of	Russia

The Tuvan People's Republic^[a] or TPR; known as the Tannu Tuva People's Republic until 1926, was a partially recognized state that existed between 1921 and 1944.^[10] It was formally a socialist republic and de facto a Soviet puppet state. The TPR was located in Tuva, covering the same territory, north-west of Mongolia, as was the previous 1914–1921 Tuvan protectorate (Uryankhay Krai) of the former Russian Empire, and is now the Tuva Republic, an administrative part of Russia.

The former Soviet Union and the Mongolian People's Republic were the only foreign governments to formally recognize the independence of the Tuvan state during its existence in 1924 and 1926, respectively.^[11]^[12] After a period of increased Soviet influence, in October 1944, the polity was absorbed into the Russian SFSR (the largest constituent republic of the Soviet Union) at the request of the Tuvan parliament, ending 23 years of independence.

^ Where Rivers and Mountains Sing: Sound, Music, and Nomadism in Tuva and Beyond, Volume 1. Indiana University Press. 2006. ISBN 0253347157.
^ Minahan, James (2009). The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems. ABC-CLIO. p. 193. ISBN 978-0313344978.
^ "О министерстве" (in Russian).
^ "История парламентаризма в Республике Тыва" (in Russian).
^ Cite error: The named reference Grebneva was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Новые исследования Тувы. Электронный журнал «Новые исследования Тувы» (in Russian). Retrieved 18 August 2018.
^ Otto Maenchen-Helfen. Journey to Tuva. Ethnographics Press, University of Southern California, 1992. ISBN 9781878986047 "Tuvan+Arat+Republic" p. 242
^ FBIS Report: Central Eurasia, Issues 126-132. 1992. "Tuvinian+Arat+Republic" p. 45
^ Л. Спаткай. Гербы и флаги стран мира. Европа. Часть II. Litres, 2018. ISBN 9785040353170
^ Toomas Alatalu (1992). "Tuva: a State Reawakens". Soviet Studies. 44 (5): 881–895. doi:10.1080/09668139208412051. JSTOR 152275.
^ Dallin, David J. (1948). Soviet Russia and the Far East. Yale University Press. p. 87.
^ Paine, S.C.M. (1996). Imperial Rivals: China, Russia, and Their Disputed Frontier. M.E. Sharpe. p. 329.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[1] Where Rivers and Mountains Sing: Sound, Music, and Nomadism in Tuva and Beyond, Volume 1. Indiana University Press. 2006. ISBN 0253347157.

[2] Minahan, James (2009). The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems. ABC-CLIO. p. 193. ISBN 978-0313344978.

[3] "О министерстве" (in Russian).

[4] "История парламентаризма в Республике Тыва" (in Russian).

[Grebneva-5] Cite error: The named reference Grebneva was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[6] Новые исследования Тувы. Электронный журнал «Новые исследования Тувы» (in Russian). Retrieved 18 August 2018.

[7] Otto Maenchen-Helfen. Journey to Tuva. Ethnographics Press, University of Southern California, 1992. ISBN 9781878986047 "Tuvan+Arat+Republic" p. 242

[8] FBIS Report: Central Eurasia, Issues 126-132. 1992. "Tuvinian+Arat+Republic" p. 45

[9] Л. Спаткай. Гербы и флаги стран мира. Европа. Часть II. Litres, 2018. ISBN 9785040353170

[11] Toomas Alatalu (1992). "Tuva: a State Reawakens". Soviet Studies. 44 (5): 881–895. doi:10.1080/09668139208412051. JSTOR 152275.

[12] Dallin, David J. (1948). Soviet Russia and the Far East. Yale University Press. p. 87.

[13] Paine, S.C.M. (1996). Imperial Rivals: China, Russia, and Their Disputed Frontier. M.E. Sharpe. p. 329.

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