Brownfield land

Brownfield is land that is abandoned or underutilized due to pollution from industrial use.^[1] The specific definition of brownfield land varies and is decided by policy makers and/or land developers within different countries.^[2]^[3] The main difference in definitions of whether a piece of land is considered a brownfield or not depends on the presence or absence of pollution.^[2]^[4] Overall, brownfield land is a site previously developed for industrial or commercial purposes and thus requires further development before reuse.^[2]^[5]

Examples of post industrial brownfield sites include abandoned factories, dry cleaning establishments, and gas stations.^[6]^[3] Typical contaminants include hydrocarbon spillages, solvents and pesticides, asbestos, and heavy metals like lead.^[7]^[8]

Many contaminated post-industrial brownfield sites sit unused because the cleaning costs may be more than the land is worth after redevelopment. Previously unknown underground wastes can increase the cost for study and clean-up.^[9] Depending on the contaminants and damage present adaptive re-use and disposal of a brownfield can require advanced and specialized appraisal analysis techniques.^[9]

^ "Glossary of Brownfields Terms". Brownfields Center. Washington, D.C.: Environmental Law Institute. Archived from the original on February 26, 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c Jacek, Guillaume; Rozan, Anne; Desrousseaux, Maylis; Combroux, Isabelle (May 18, 2021). "Brownfields over the years: from definition to sustainable reuse". Environmental Reviews. 30: 50–60. doi:10.1139/er-2021-0017. S2CID 236348006.
^ ^a ^b Loures, Luis; Vaz, Eric (February 1, 2018). "Exploring expert perception towards brownfield redevelopment benefits according to their typology". Habitat International. Regional Intelligence: A new kind of GIScience. 72: 66–76. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.11.003. ISSN 0197-3975.
^ Tang, Yu-Ting; Nathanail, C. Paul (May 3, 2012). "Sticks and Stones: The Impact of the Definitions of Brownfield in Policies on Socio-Economic Sustainability". Sustainability. 4 (5): 840–862. doi:10.3390/su4050840. ISSN 2071-1050.
^ Alker, Sandra; Joy, Victoria; Roberts, Peter; Smith, Nathan (January 1, 2000). "The Definition of Brownfield". Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 43 (1): 49–69. Bibcode:2000JEPM...43...49A. doi:10.1080/09640560010766. ISSN 0964-0568. S2CID 153395212.
^ Trouw, Michael; Weiler, Stephan; Silverstein, Jesse (March 6, 2020). "Brownfield Development: Uncertainty, Asymmetric Information, and Risk Premia". Sustainability. 12 (5): 2046. doi:10.3390/su12052046. ISSN 2071-1050.
^ Trouw, Michael; Weiler, Stephan; Silverstein, Jesse (January 2020). "Brownfield Development: Uncertainty, Asymmetric Information, and Risk Premia". Sustainability. 12 (5): 2046. doi:10.3390/su12052046. ISSN 2071-1050.
^ Green, T. L. (April 1, 2018). "Evaluating predictors for brownfield redevelopment". Land Use Policy. 73: 299–319. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.01.008. ISSN 0264-8377.
^ ^a ^b Chen, I-Chun; Chuo, Yu-Yu; Ma, Hwong-wen (April 1, 2019). "Uncertainty analysis of remediation cost and damaged land value for brownfield investment". Chemosphere. 220: 371–380. Bibcode:2019Chmsp.220..371C. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.116. ISSN 0045-6535. PMID 30590303. S2CID 58557619.

[glossary-1] "Glossary of Brownfields Terms". Brownfields Center. Washington, D.C.: Environmental Law Institute. Archived from the original on February 26, 2015.

[Jacek-2021-2] Jacek, Guillaume; Rozan, Anne; Desrousseaux, Maylis; Combroux, Isabelle (May 18, 2021). "Brownfields over the years: from definition to sustainable reuse". Environmental Reviews. 30: 50–60. doi:10.1139/er-2021-0017. S2CID 236348006.

[Loures_66–76-3] Loures, Luis; Vaz, Eric (February 1, 2018). "Exploring expert perception towards brownfield redevelopment benefits according to their typology". Habitat International. Regional Intelligence: A new kind of GIScience. 72: 66–76. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.11.003. ISSN 0197-3975.

[4] Tang, Yu-Ting; Nathanail, C. Paul (May 3, 2012). "Sticks and Stones: The Impact of the Definitions of Brownfield in Policies on Socio-Economic Sustainability". Sustainability. 4 (5): 840–862. doi:10.3390/su4050840. ISSN 2071-1050.

[5] Alker, Sandra; Joy, Victoria; Roberts, Peter; Smith, Nathan (January 1, 2000). "The Definition of Brownfield". Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 43 (1): 49–69. Bibcode:2000JEPM...43...49A. doi:10.1080/09640560010766. ISSN 0964-0568. S2CID 153395212.

[6] Trouw, Michael; Weiler, Stephan; Silverstein, Jesse (March 6, 2020). "Brownfield Development: Uncertainty, Asymmetric Information, and Risk Premia". Sustainability. 12 (5): 2046. doi:10.3390/su12052046. ISSN 2071-1050.

[7] Trouw, Michael; Weiler, Stephan; Silverstein, Jesse (January 2020). "Brownfield Development: Uncertainty, Asymmetric Information, and Risk Premia". Sustainability. 12 (5): 2046. doi:10.3390/su12052046. ISSN 2071-1050.

[8] Green, T. L. (April 1, 2018). "Evaluating predictors for brownfield redevelopment". Land Use Policy. 73: 299–319. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.01.008. ISSN 0264-8377.

[sciencedirect.com-9] Chen, I-Chun; Chuo, Yu-Yu; Ma, Hwong-wen (April 1, 2019). "Uncertainty analysis of remediation cost and damaged land value for brownfield investment". Chemosphere. 220: 371–380. Bibcode:2019Chmsp.220..371C. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.116. ISSN 0045-6535. PMID 30590303. S2CID 58557619.

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