Energy subsidy

Energy subsidies are measures that keep prices for customers below market levels, or for suppliers above market levels, or reduce costs for customers and suppliers.[1][2] Energy subsidies may be direct cash transfers to suppliers, customers, or related bodies, as well as indirect support mechanisms, such as tax exemptions and rebates, price controls, trade restrictions, and limits on market access.

The International Renewable Energy Agency tracked some $634 billion in energy-sector subsidies in 2020, and found that around 70% were fossil fuel subsidies. About 20% went to renewable power generation, 6% to biofuels and just over 3% to nuclear.[3]

  1. ^ Timperley, Jocelyn (October 20, 2021). "Why fossil fuel subsidies are so hard to kill". Nature. Retrieved October 26, 2021. "Fossil-fuel subsidies generally take two forms. Production subsidies...[and]...Consumption subsidies...
  2. ^ OECD, 1998
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Nature2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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