Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Serbo-Croatian on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Serbo-Croatian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Serbo-Croatian (the Croatian and Serbian standards thereof) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-sh}}, {{IPA-sr}}, {{IPA-hr}}, {{IPA-bs}}, {{IPA-cnr}}, and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Examples below in the Latin script are given in the Ijekavian pronunciation, while Cyrillic ones are in the Ekavian pronunciation. See Serbo-Croatian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of these languages.

Consonants
IPA	Example		English approximation
IPA	Latin	Cyrillic	English approximation
b	bob	боб	bob
d	dan	дан	doom
dz	otac bi^[1]	отац би	gods
dʑ	đak^[2]	ђак	jeep
dʒ	džep^[2]^[3]	џeп	just
f	film	филм	film
ɡ	gore	горе	gore
ɣ	vrh bi^[1]	врх би	Spanish fuego
j	ja	ја	yaw
k	kola	кола	score
l	Luka	Лука	fill
l̩	bicikl	бицикл	little
ʎ	bilje	биље	million
m	more	море	more
ɱ	informacija	информација	comfort
n	ne	не	no
n̩	njutn	њутн	burden
ŋ	banka	банка	bank
ɲ	konj	коњ	canyon
p	pet	пет	space
r	robot	робот	trilled r
r̩	vrba	врба	US verb, but trilled
s	sto(l)	сто(л)	stole
ʃ	šuma^[3]	шума	shell
t	tata	тата	star
tɕ	ćup^[2]	ћуп	cheap
ts	ribica	рибица	shorts
tʃ	čekić^[2]^[3]	чекић	choose
ʋ	voda^[4]	вода	between vet and wet
v	Afganistan^[1]	Афганистан	vacant
x	hir	хир	Scottish loch
z	zima	зима	zoo
ʒ	žaba^[3]	жаба	treasure

Vowels
IPA	Example		English approximation
IPA	Latin	Cyrillic	English approximation
a	rad	рад	father
e	let	лет	let
i	list	лист	least
o	more	море	more
u	trup	труп	tool

Tone and vowel length
Tonic marks are not normally written but are found in dictionaries.^[5]
IPA	Example		Explanation
IPA	Latin	Cyrillic	Explanation
e	sezóna	сезо́на	non-tonic short vowel
eː	ùzēti	у̀зе̄ти	non-tonic long vowel^[6]
ě	djèca	дјѐца	short vowel with rising tone
ěː	kréda	кре́да	long vowel with rising tone
ê	sjȅme	сјȅме	short vowel with falling tone
êː	rȇp	рȇп	long vowel with falling tone

^ ^a ^b ^c Consonant clusters are usually either all voiced or all voiceless, regardless if the sounds occur in two separate words. [dz], [v] and [ɣ] only occur in these instances.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Many speakers in Croatia and some in Bosnia have no distinction between /tɕ/ and /tʃ/ (⟨ć⟩ and ⟨č⟩) or between /dʑ/ and /dʒ/ (⟨đ⟩ and ⟨dž⟩) and are both pronounced [tʃ] and [dʒ] respectively.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /ʒ/ and /dʒ/ are sometimes transcribed as [ʂ], [tʂ], [ʐ] and [dʐ], respectively. The fricatives /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ may be realized [ɕ] or [ʑ] before /tɕ/ or /dʑ/.
^ ⟨v⟩ is a light fricative, more precisely transcribed [ʋ̝] or [v̞]. However, it does not behave as a fricative in that it does not devoice to *[f] before a voiceless consonant and it does not cause preceding voiceless consonants to become voiced.
^ Tone marks can also be found on syllabic consonants, such as [ř̩] and [r̩̂ː]. Some articles may use the stress mark, [ˈe], which could correspond to either of the tonic accents (rising or falling) and so they are not a complete transcription, although many speakers in Croatia have no tone distinctions.
^ Many speakers in Croatia and Serbia pronounce most unstressed long vowels as short.

[assimilation-1] Consonant clusters are usually either all voiced or all voiceless, regardless if the sounds occur in two separate words. [dz], [v] and [ɣ] only occur in these instances.

[affricates-2] Many speakers in Croatia and some in Bosnia have no distinction between /tɕ/ and /tʃ/ (⟨ć⟩ and ⟨č⟩) or between /dʑ/ and /dʒ/ (⟨đ⟩ and ⟨dž⟩) and are both pronounced [tʃ] and [dʒ] respectively.

[retroflex-3] /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /ʒ/ and /dʒ/ are sometimes transcribed as [ʂ], [tʂ], [ʐ] and [dʐ], respectively. The fricatives /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ may be realized [ɕ] or [ʑ] before /tɕ/ or /dʑ/.

[v-4] ⟨v⟩ is a light fricative, more precisely transcribed [ʋ̝] or [v̞]. However, it does not behave as a fricative in that it does not devoice to *[f] before a voiceless consonant and it does not cause preceding voiceless consonants to become voiced.

[5] Tone marks can also be found on syllabic consonants, such as [ř̩] and [r̩̂ː]. Some articles may use the stress mark, [ˈe], which could correspond to either of the tonic accents (rising or falling) and so they are not a complete transcription, although many speakers in Croatia have no tone distinctions.

[6] Many speakers in Croatia and Serbia pronounce most unstressed long vowels as short.

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[4]

[5]

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Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian

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