Andijan massacre

Andijan massacre
Bobur Square, the location of the events
Date	13 May 2005; 19 years ago (2005-05-13)
Location	Andijan, Uzbekistan
Caused by	Corruption Economic and social inequality Authoritarianism and lack of civil liberties Police and military brutality Political, religious and ethnic conflicts
Methods	Demonstrations Nonviolent resistance Civil disobedience Massacre Riots
Resulted in	Violent suppression of protests. EU arms embargo on Uzbekistan. Expulsion of United States military forces from K2 Air Base.
Parties
Protesters in Andijan Supported by: Hizb ut-Tahrir (alleged) Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (alleged) Akromiya (alleged) Government of Uzbekistan National Security Service Ministry of the Interior People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan Uzbek's Army Uzbek Ground Forces
Lead figures
No centralised leaders Islam Karimov Shavkat Mirziyoyev Kadyr Gulyamov Ismail Ergashev Rustam Inoyatov Zokir Almatov
Casualties
Death(s)	187–1,500

On 13 May 2005, protests erupted in Andijan, Uzbekistan. At one point, troops from the Uzbek National Security Service (SNB) fired into a crowd of protesters.^[1][2][3] Estimates of those killed on 13 May range from 187, the official count of the government, to several hundred.^[1][4] A defector from the SNB alleged that 1,500 were killed.^[5] The bodies of many of those who died were allegedly hidden in mass graves following the massacre.^[6]

Three narratives concerning the events exist:

• The Uzbek government said the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan organised the unrest and the protesters were members of Hizb ut-Tahrir.^[7]
• Critics of the government argue that the Islamist radical label provides a pretext for maintaining a repressive regime in the country.
• A third theory is that the dispute was really an inter-clan struggle for state power.^[3]

The Uzbek government did however acknowledge that poor economic conditions in the region and popular resentment played a role in the uprising.^[8] Troops may possibly have fired indiscriminately to quell a prison break.^{[9][10][11][12]}

It was claimed that calls from Western governments for an international investigation prompted a major shift in Uzbek foreign policy favouring closer relations with autocratic nations, although the Uzbek government is known to have close ties with the U.S. government, and the Bush administration had declared Uzbekistan to be vital to US security because it hired out a large military base to US military forces. The Uzbek government ordered the closing of the United States Karshi-Khanabad Air Base and improved ties with the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation, who supported the government's response in Andijan.^[2][13]