Back Ataques a civiles en la invasión rusa de Ucrania Spanish Rünnakud tsiviilelanike vastu Venemaa sissetungil Ukrainasse Estonian Ataques a civis durante a invasão da Ucrânia pela Rússia em 2022 Portuguese 俄罗斯对乌克兰平民的导弹袭击 Chinese
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During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Russian military have carried out deliberate attacks against civilian targets[1][2][3] and indiscriminate attacks in densely-populated areas.[4] The United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine says the Russian military exposed the civilian population to unnecessary and disproportionate harm by using cluster bombs[5][6][7][8] and by firing other weapons with wide-area effects into civilian areas, such as missiles, heavy artillery shells and multiple launch rockets.[7] As of 2024, the attacks had resulted in the UN-documented deaths of between 11,000[9] and estimated 40,000 dead civilians.[10] On 22 April 2022, the UN reported that of the 2,343 civilian casualties it had been able to document, it could confirm 92.3% of these deaths were as a result of the actions of the Russian armed forces.[11]
On 5 July 2022, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), Michelle Bachelet, reported that most civilian casualties documented by her office had been caused by the Russian army's use of explosive weapons with wide-area effects in populated areas, calling it "indisputable".[12] By 30 June 2023, OHCHR assessed that 90.5% of all civilian deaths were caused by such indiscriminate attack, and that 84.2% of them were recorded in Ukrainian-held territory.[13] El País estimated that by March 2023 the Russian forces were firing at a rate of between 600,000 and 1.8 million shells per month.[14] By February 2024, Russia has fired at least 12,000,000 artillery shells against Ukraine.[15] By the end of 2023, Russian forces launched about 7,400 missiles and 3,900 Shahed drone strikes against Ukraine according to Ukrainian military officials.[16]
No region in Ukraine was spared from Russian attacks. By one estimate, only 3% of all Russian missiles, drones and bombs hit military targets, while 97% hit civilians targets.[9] By June 2023, UNDP estimated 1.5 million homes in Ukraine were either damaged or destroyed in the Russo-Ukrainian War.[17] By comparison, approximately 2 million homes were damaged or destroyed in Ukraine during World War II.[18]
Reports on the use of cluster bombs raised concerns about the high number of civilian casualties and the long-lasting danger of unexploded ordnance.[7][8] According to the OHCHR, cluster bombs have been used by Russian armed forces and pro-Russian separatists, and to a lesser degree by Ukrainian armed forces.[19][20] In several attacks, most notably the Hroza missile attack, Russia argued that the presence of any armed forces at a given place makes it a "legitimate target", which has been criticized by many international law experts and UN diplomats.[21]
- ^ "Chernihiv: Are these Russia's weapons of war?". BBC News. 9 April 2022. Archived from the original on 3 May 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
- ^ Gall, Carlotta; Kramer, Andrew E. (3 April 2022). "In a Kyiv Suburb,'They Shot Everyone They Saw'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
HRW_Vehicleswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
HRMMU_Statement_Marchwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection". Archived from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
HRW_UA_RU_cluster_munitionwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
HRMMU_Report_Marchwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Lance, Rachel. "The Enduring Danger of Cluster Bombs". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
- ^ a b "'No Region of Ukraine Spared' by Moscow's War on Ukraine, Senior Official Tells Security Council, Reporting of Widespread Destruction, Civilian Deaths". UN Press. 11 April 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
- ^ Carl Conetta (2 May 2023). "Catastrophe: The Global Cost of the Ukraine War" (PDF). Project on Defense Alternatives. p. 1—2.
- ^ "UN's Bachelet condemns 'horrors' faced by Ukraine's civilians". UN News. 22 April 2022. Archived from the original on 24 April 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
OHCHR_Julywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Ukraine: Civilian casualties - 24 February 2022 to 30 June 2023". OHCHR. 7 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ María R. Sahuquillo (1 March 2023). "Ukraine outgunned 10 to 1 in massive artillery battle with Russia". El País. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
- ^ "Russian military industry". Estonian Defense Ministry. 2024.
- ^ "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, DECEMBER 28, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. 2023-12-28. Retrieved 2023-12-30.
- ^ "Breaking barriers, building hope in Ukraine". United Nations Development Programme. 19 June 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
- ^ Ukraine in World War II. Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance. 2015. p. 26.
- ^ The situation of human rights in Ukraine in the context of the armed attack by the Russian Federation, 24 February to 15 May 2022 (Report). OHCHR. 29 June 2022. para. 27-30. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
- ^ Gibbons-Neff, Thomas; Ismay, John (2022-04-18). "To Push Back Russians, Ukrainians Hit a Village With Cluster Munitions". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-13.
- ^ admin (2023-10-11). "Russia's pattern of disinformation at the United Nations: case of Hroza village missile strike". We Are Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2023-10-12.
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