Back Bohdan Chmelnyzkyj ALS Bogdan Khmelnitski AN بوهدان خميلينتسكي Arabic بوهدان خميلينتسكى ARZ Boqdan Xmelnitski Azerbaijani Багдан Міхайлавіч Хмяльніцкі Byelorussian Багдан Хмяльніцкі BE-X-OLD Богдан Хмелницки Bulgarian Bohdan Khmelnytsky Breton Bogdan Hmeljnicki BS
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Bohdan Khmelnytsky | |
|---|---|
| Богдан Хмельницький Bohdan Chmielnicki Богданъ Хмелнiцкiи | |
_(cropped).jpg) Portrait of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, second half of the 17th century | |
| Hetman of Zaporizhian Host | |
| In office 30 January 1648 – 6 August 1657 | |
| Preceded by | position created |
| Succeeded by | Yurii Khmelnytsky |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmelnytskyi 1595 Subotiv, Kiev Voivodeship, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |
| Died | 6 August 1657 (aged 61–62) Chyhyryn, Cossack Hetmanate |
| Resting place | Illinska Church in Subotiv |
| Nationality | Ruthenian |
| Spouses |
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| Children | Tymish, Yurii, Hryhorii, Ostap, Kateryna, Stepanyda, Olena, Maria |
| Signature |  |
Bohdan Zynoviy Mykhailovych Khmelnytsky (Ruthenian: Ѕѣнові Богданъ Хмелнiцкiи;[1] modern Ukrainian: Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький, Polish: Bohdan Chmielnicki; 1595 – 6 August 1657) was a Ruthenian nobleman and military commander of Ukrainian Cossacks[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] as Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host, which was then under the suzerainty of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He led an uprising against the Commonwealth and its magnates (1648–1654) that resulted in the creation of an independent Cossack state in Ukraine. In 1654, he concluded the Treaty of Pereiaslav with the Russian Tsar and allied the Cossack Hetmanate with Tsardom of Russia, thus placing central Ukraine under Russian protection.[9] During the uprising the Cossacks led a massacre of thousands of Poles and Jews during 1648–1649 as one of the most traumatic events in the history of the Jews in Ukraine and Ukrainian nationalism.[10]
- ^ See, for example, the title of Samuil Velichko 1720 chronicle.
- ^ "Khmelnytsky, Bohdan". www.encyclopediaofukraine.com.
- ^ Plokhy, Serhii (10 October 2017). Lost Kingdom by Serhii Plokhy. Basic Books. ISBN 9780465097395.
- ^ Glaser, Amelia M. (19 August 2015). Stories of Khmelnytsky; Competing Literary Legacies of the 1648 Ukrainian Cossack Uprising. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804794961.
- ^ "Contents of Volume 39". Catalysis Today. 39 (4): 369–371. March 1998. doi:10.1016/s0920-5861(97)80039-9. ISSN 0920-5861.
- ^ The peasant prince: Thaddeus Kosciuszko and the age of revolution. 1 December 2009.
- ^ Kármán, Gábor; Kunčević, Lovro, eds. (20 June 2013). The European Tributary States of the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. doi:10.1163/9789004254404. ISBN 9789004254404.
- ^ Rask Madsen, Mikael (2015), "Europe at the Crossroads of Free Markets and Human Rights: The Emergence of a Europe of Human Rights in the Shadow of the EU", Europe at a Crossroad, Nomos, pp. 247–268, doi:10.5771/9783845261768-247, ISBN 978-3-8452-6176-8, retrieved 2 December 2020
- ^ "Pereiaslav Treaty of 1654". www.encyclopediaofukraine.com. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
- ^ Batista, Jakub (2014). "Chmielnicki Massacres (1648–1649)". In Mikaberidze, Alexander (ed.). Atrocities, Massacres, and War Crimes: An Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. pp. 100–101. ISBN 978-1-59884-926-4.
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