Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin

Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin
حزب اسلامی گلبدین
Leaders	Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
Dates of operation	1976–2016 (as a Paramilitary organization) 1976–present (as a political party)
Active regions	Afghanistan
Ideology	Islamism[1] Pashtun interests Anti-Salafi[2]
Size	1,500–2,000+ (2015 estimate)[3]
Part of	Interim Afghan Government (until 1989)
Allies	United States (1979–1989)  United Kingdom (1979–1989)  China (1979-1996)[4]  Pakistan (until 1994)  Saudi Arabia (until 1992) Taliban (2021-present) Khalq (pro Gulbuddin factions, 1990-2001)
Opponents	United States (2001–2016) Afghanistan (1976–2016)  Soviet Union (1979–89) Islamic Emirate of Kunar (1991)  Armenia (1993)  Canada (2006) Taliban (sometimes, until 2021)  al-Qaeda Islamic State-Khorasan Province
Battles and wars	Soviet–Afghan War Afghan Civil War (1989–92) Afghan Civil War (1992–96) Afshar Operation Afghan Civil War (1996–2001) War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
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Preceded by Muslim Youth

The Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin (Persian: حزب اسلامی گلبدین; abbreviated HIG), also referred to as Hezb-e-Islami^[5] or Hezb-i-Islami Afghanistan (HIA),^[6] is an Afghan political party and paramilitary organization, originally founded in 1976 as Hezb-e-Islami and led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. In 1979, Mulavi Younas Khalis split with Hekmatyar and established his own group, which became known as Hezb-i Islami Khalis; the remaining part of Hezb-e Islami, still headed by Hekmatyar, became known as Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin. Hezbi Islami seeks to emulate the Muslim Brotherhood and to replace the various tribal factions of Afghanistan with one unified Islamic state. This puts them at odds with the more tribe-oriented Taliban (which is predominantly Pashtun).^[7]

During the Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989), Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin was well-financed by anti-Soviet forces through the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). In the mid-1990s, the HIG was "sidelined from Afghan politics" by the rise of the Taliban. In the post-2001 war in Afghanistan, HIG "reemerged as an aggressive militant group, claiming responsibility for many bloody attacks against Coalition forces and the administration of President Hamid Karzai".^[6] Its fighting strength was "sometimes estimated to number in the thousands".^[8] The group signed a peace deal with the Ghani administration in 2016.

Following the collapse of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, on 17 August 2021, Hekmatyar met with both Karzai, former President of Afghanistan, and Abdullah Abdullah, Chairman of the High Council for National Reconciliation and former Chief Executive, in Doha seeking to form a government (though it was unclear whether either Karzai or Abdullah would be directly involved in any such government).^[9][10] President Ashraf Ghani, having fled the country to either Tajikistan or Uzbekistan, emerged in the UAE and said that he supported such negotiations and was in talks to return to Afghanistan.^[11][12]