Kingdom of Tlemcen

Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen
مملكة تلمسان (Arabic)
Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen مملكة تلمسان (Arabic)
1235–1556
	One of the flags attributed to Zayyanid Tlemcen
	The kingdom of Tlemcen at the beginning of the 14th century.
Capital	Tlemcen
Common languages	Berber, Maghrebi Arabic
Religion	Sunni Islam
Government	Monarchy
Sultan
• 1236–1283	Abu Yahya I bin Zayyan
• 1318-1337	Abu Tashufin I
• 1359-1389	Abu Hammu II
• 1468–1504	Abu Abdallah IV
• 1550–1556	Al Hassan ben Abu Muh
History
• Establishment	1235
• Victory against the Almohade Caliphate	1248
• Zayyanid Capture of Sijilmasa	1264
• Siege of Tlemcen	1299-1307
• Capture of Tunis	1329
• First Marinid rule	1337-1348
• Second Marinid rule	1352-1359
• Zayyanid capture of Fez	1411
• Conflicts with the Spaniards	1504–1512
• Annexation by the Ottoman Empire	1556
Currency	Dinar
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Almohad Caliphate
Spanish Oran
Regency of Algiers
Kingdom of Ait Abbas
Kingdom of Kuku
Emirate of Algiers

The Kingdom of Tlemcen or Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen (Arabic: الزيانيون) was a kingdom ruled by the Berber Zayyanid dynasty^[3]^[4] in what is now the northwest of Algeria. Its territory stretched from Tlemcen to the Chelif bend and Algiers, and at its zenith reached Sijilmasa and the Moulouya River in the west, Tuat to the south and the Soummam in the east.^[5]^[6]^[7]

The Tlemcen Kingdom was established after the demise of the Almohad Caliphate in 1236, and later fell under Ottoman rule in 1554. The capital of the kingdom was Tlemcen, which lay on the primary east–west route between Morocco and Ifriqiya. The kingdom was situated between the realm of the Marinids to the west, centred on Fez, and the Hafsids to the east, centred on Tunis.

Tlemcen was a hub for the north–south trade route from Oran on the Mediterranean coast to the Western Sudan. As a prosperous trading centre, it attracted its more powerful neighbours. At different times the kingdom was invaded and occupied by the Marinids from the west,^[8] by the Hafsids from the east, and by Aragonese from the north. At other times, they were able to take advantage of turmoil among their neighbours: during the reign of Abu Tashfin I (r. 1318–1337) the Zayyanids occupied Tunis and in 1423, under the reign of Abu Malek, they briefly captured Fez.^[9]^[10]^: 287 In the south the Zayyanid realm included Tuat, Tamentit and the Draa region which was governed by Abdallah Ibn Moslem ez Zerdali, a sheikh of the Zayyanids.^[11]^[12]^[5]

^ de Vries, Hubert (2015) [2011]. "AL DJAZAIR - Algeria". Heraldica civica et militara. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
^ Baydal Sala, Vicent (19 Nov 2017). "Religious motivations or feudal expansionism? The Crusade of James II of Aragon against Nasrid Almeria in 1309-10". Complutense University of Madrid. Archived from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
^ "Abd al-Wadid Dynasty | Berber dynasty". Retrieved 2016-07-22.
^ Appiah, Kwame Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis, eds. (2010). Encyclopedia of Africa. Oxford University Press. p. 475. ISBN 9780195337709.
^ ^a ^b الدولة الزيانية في عهد يغمراسن: دراسة تاريخية وحضارية 633 هـ - 681 هـ / 1235 م - 1282 م‬‎‫خالد بلع ربي‬ ‪Al Manhal
^ "The Abdelwadids (1236–1554)". Qantara. Archived from the original on 2013-11-12. Retrieved 2013-05-15.
^ L'Algérie au passé lointain – De Carthage à la Régence d'Alger, p175
^ Despois et al. 1986, p. 367.
^ Tarabulsi 2006, p. 84.
^ Cite error: The named reference :3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Ksour et saints du Gourara: dans la tradition orale, l'hagiographie et les chroniques locales. Rachid Bellil. C.N.R.P.A.H.
^ Histoire es berbères, 4: et des dynasties musulmanes de l'afrique septentrionale. Abd al-Rahman b. Muhammad Ibn Jaldun. Imprimerie du Gouvernement.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[1] Vries, Hubert (2015) [2011]. "AL DJAZAIR - Algeria". Heraldica civica et militara. Retrieved 2023-10-21.

[3] Baydal Sala, Vicent (19 Nov 2017). "Religious motivations or feudal expansionism? The Crusade of James II of Aragon against Nasrid Almeria in 1309-10". Complutense University of Madrid. Archived from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2020.

[:5-4] "Abd al-Wadid Dynasty | Berber dynasty". Retrieved 2016-07-22.

[5] Appiah, Kwame Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis, eds. (2010). Encyclopedia of Africa. Oxford University Press. p. 475. ISBN 9780195337709.

[books.google.co.uk-6] الدولة الزيانية في عهد يغمراسن: دراسة تاريخية وحضارية 633 هـ - 681 هـ / 1235 م - 1282 م‬‎‫خالد بلع ربي‬ ‪Al Manhal

[Qantara-7] "The Abdelwadids (1236–1554)". Qantara. Archived from the original on 2013-11-12. Retrieved 2013-05-15.

[Simon_1752-8] L'Algérie au passé lointain – De Carthage à la Régence d'Alger, p175

[FOOTNOTEDespoisMarçaisColombeEmerit1986367-9] Despois et al. 1986, p. 367.

[FOOTNOTETarabulsi200684-10] Tarabulsi 2006, p. 84.

[:3-11] Cite error: The named reference :3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[12] Ksour et saints du Gourara: dans la tradition orale, l'hagiographie et les chroniques locales. Rachid Bellil. C.N.R.P.A.H.

[13] Histoire es berbères, 4: et des dynasties musulmanes de l'afrique septentrionale. Abd al-Rahman b. Muhammad Ibn Jaldun. Imprimerie du Gouvernement.

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