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Malta

This article is about the country. For other uses, see Malta (disambiguation).

Republic of Malta
Repubblika ta' Malta (Maltese)
Motto: Virtute et constantia (Latin)
"Strength and persistence"
Anthem: L-Innu Malti (Maltese)
"The Maltese Hymn"
Location of Malta (green circle) – in Europe (light green & dark grey) – in the European Union (light green)  –  [Legend]
Location of Malta (green circle)

– in Europe (light green & dark grey)
– in the European Union (light green)  –  [Legend]

CapitalValletta
35°54′N 14°31′E / 35.900°N 14.517°E / 35.900; 14.517
Largest administrative unitSt. Paul's Bay[1]
Official languages
Other languagesMaltese Sign Language[3]
Italian (66% conversational)
Ethnic groups
(2021[4])
Religion
(2021)[5][6]
  • 5.1% no religion
  • 3.9% Islam
  • 1.4% Hinduism
  • 1.1% other
Demonym(s)Maltese
GovernmentUnitary parliamentary republic
• President
Myriam Spiteri Debono
Robert Abela
LegislatureParliament of Malta
Independence 
from the United Kingdom
21 September 1964
• Republic
13 December 1974
• Joined the EU
1 May 2004
Area
• Total
316[7] km2 (122 sq mi) (186th)
• Water (%)
0.001
Population
• 2021 census
519,562[8]
• Density
1,649/km2 (4,270.9/sq mi) (8th)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $33.303 billion[9] (148th)
• Per capita
Increase $63,481[9] (24th)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $20.311 billion[9] (131st)
• Per capita
Increase $38,715[9] (31st)
Gini (2019)Positive decrease 28.0[10]
low
HDI (2022)Increase 0.915[11]
very high (25th)
CurrencyEuro (€) (EUR)
Time zoneUTC+1 (Central European Time)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+2 (Central European Summer Time)
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy[b]
Driving sideleft
Calling code+356
ISO 3166 codeMT
Internet TLD.mt[b]
  1. ^ 2021 Malta census Chapter 4: Racial Origin according to the most recent national census. Meanwhile 77.8% of the population were Maltese citizens or nationals.[12]
  2. ^ Also .eu, shared with other European Union member states

Malta (/ˈmɒltə/ ⓘ MOL-tə, /ˈmɔːltə/ MAWL-tə, Maltese: [ˈmɐːltɐ]), officially the Republic of Malta,[14] is an island country in southern Europe, located in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago between Italy, Tunisia and Libya.[15] It lies 80 km (50 mi) south of Sicily, Italy, 284 km (176 mi) east of Tunisia,[16] and 333 km (207 mi) north of Libya.[17] The two official languages are Maltese, the only Semitic language in Europe and the European Union, and English. The nation's capital is Valletta.

With a population of about 519,000[8] over an area of 316 km2 (122 sq mi),[7] Malta is the tenth-smallest country by area[18][19] and fifth most densely populated sovereign country. Its capital is Valletta, the smallest national capital in the European Union by area and population. According to 2020 data by Eurostat, the Functional Urban Area and metropolitan region covered the whole island and has a population of 480,134.[20][21] According to the United Nations, ESPON and EU Commission, "the whole territory of Malta constitutes a single urban region".[22][23] Malta increasingly is referred to as a city-state.[24][25][26]

Malta has been inhabited since approximately 5900 BC.[27] Its location in the centre of the Mediterranean[28] has historically given it great strategic importance as a naval base, with a succession of powers having contested and ruled the islands, including the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Normans, Aragonese, Knights of St. John, French, and British.[29] While Christianity has been present since the time of the early Christians, Malta was predominantly a Muslim country under Arab rule in the Middle Ages. Muslim rule ended with the Norman invasion of Malta by Roger I in 1091. Malta became a British colony in 1813, serving as the headquarters for the British Mediterranean Fleet. It was besieged by the Axis powers during World War II and was an important Allied base for operations in North Africa and the Mediterranean.[30][31] The British parliament passed the Malta Independence Act in 1964, giving Malta independence, with Elizabeth II as its queen.[32] The country became a republic in 1974. It has been a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations since independence, and joined the European Union in 2004; it became part of the eurozone monetary union in 2008. Malta is also closely tied historically and culturally to Italy and especially Sicily, with between 62 and 66 percent of Maltese people speaking or having significant knowledge of the Italian language, which was one of the official languages of Malta until 1934.[33][34]

Catholicism is the state religion, but the Constitution of Malta guarantees freedom of conscience and religious worship.[35][36] The economy of Malta is heavily reliant on tourism, and the country promotes itself as a Mediterranean tourist destination with its warmer climate compared to the rest of Europe, numerous recreational areas, and architectural and historical monuments, including three UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum,[37] Valletta,[38] and seven megalithic temples which are some of the oldest free-standing structures in the world.[39][40][41]

  1. ^ "Gazzetta tal-Gvern ta' Malta" (PDF) (in Maltese). 3 September 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  2. ^ "Language - VisitMalta". VisitMalta. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  3. ^ "Maltese sign language to be recognised as an official language of Malta". The Malta Independent. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  4. ^ "Census of Population and Housing 2021: Final Report: Population, migration and other social characteristics (Volume 1)". nso.gov.mt. 16 February 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  5. ^ "Census of Population and Housing 2021 Final report: Religious Affiliation, pages 159-168" (PDF). nso.gov.mt. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  6. ^ "90% Caucasian, 83% Roman Catholic: Malta census statistics released". Times of Malta. 16 February 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  7. ^ a b Zammit, Andre (1986). "Valletta and the system of human settlements in the Maltese Islands". Ekistics. 53 (316/317): 89–95. JSTOR 43620704.
  8. ^ a b "Census of Population and Housing 2021" (PDF). nso.gov.mt. July 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
  9. ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Malta)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  10. ^ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". Eurostat. Archived from the original on 20 March 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  11. ^ "Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  12. ^ "Census of Population and Housing 2021 - Volume 1 - Final Report" (PDF). nso.gov.mt. 2023. p. 116. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  13. ^ Lesley, Anne Rose (15 April 2009). Frommer's Malta and Gozo Day by Day. John Wiley & Sons. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-470-74610-3. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  14. ^ (Maltese: Repubblika ta' Malta [rɛˈpʊbːlɪkɐ tɐ ˈmɐːltɐ])
  15. ^ Chapman, David; Cassar, Godwin (October 2004). "Valletta". Cities. 21 (5): 451–463. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2004.07.001.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference ashby was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Bonanno, Anthony, ed. (2008). Malta and Sicily: Miscellaneous research projects (PDF). Officina di Studi Medievali. ISBN 978-88-88615-83-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 May 2012. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  18. ^ Sultana, Ronald G. (1998). "Career guidance in Malta: A Mediterranean microstate in transition" (PDF). International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling. 20: 3. doi:10.1023/A:1005386004103. S2CID 49470186. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  19. ^ "The Microstate Environmental World Cup: Malta vs. San Marino". Environmentalgraffiti.com. 15 December 2007. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2009.
  20. ^ "Population on 1 January by age groups and sex – functional urban areas". Eurostat. 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  21. ^ "Population on 1 January by broad age group, sex and metropolitan regions 2020". Eurostat. 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  22. ^ Cite error: The named reference WUP was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ Cite error: The named reference ESPON-EUC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference GMB_Publishing was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ Cite error: The named reference creativemalta was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  26. ^ Cite error: The named reference doi was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  27. ^ "First inhabitants arrived 700 years earlier than thought". Times of Malta. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  28. ^ Boissevain, Jeremy (1984). "Ritual Escalation in Malta". In Eric R. Wolf (ed.). Religion, Power and Protest in Local Communities: The Northern Shore of the Mediterranean. Walter de Gruyter. p. 165. ISBN 978-3-11-009777-1. ISSN 1437-5370.
  29. ^ Rudolf, Uwe Jens; Berg, Warren G. (2010). Historical Dictionary of Malta. Scarecrow Press. pp. 1–11. ISBN 978-0-8108-7390-2.
  30. ^ "George Cross Award Commemoration". VisitMalta.com. 14 April 2015. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
  31. ^ "Should the George Cross still be on Malta's flag?". Times of Malta. 29 April 2012. Archived from the original on 27 April 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
  32. ^ "Christmas Broadcast 1967". Archived from the original on 2 May 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
  33. ^ European Commission (June 2012). Special Eurobarometer 386: Europeans and Their Languages (PDF) (Report). Eurobarometer Special Surveys. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  34. ^ "Malta Skills Survey 2022 - Preliminary Report" (PDF). nso.gov.mt. Malta National Statistics Office. 15 June 2023. p. 40. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  35. ^ "Constitution of Malta". Ministry for Justice, Culture and Local Government. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018. – Article 40: "all persons in Malta shall have full freedom of conscience and enjoy the free exercise of their respective mode of religious worship."
  36. ^ "Malta". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 16 May 2007.
  37. ^ "Hal Saflieni Hypogeum". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  38. ^ "City of Valletta". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  39. ^ "Megalithic Temples of Malta". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 7 January 2014. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  40. ^ "Malta Temples and The OTS Foundation". OTSF. Archived from the original on 8 February 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2009.
  41. ^ Cite error: The named reference b1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).


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