Tajikistani Civil War | |||||||
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Part of the post-Soviet conflicts and spillover of the Afghan Civil War (1992–1996) | |||||||
Spetsnaz soldiers of the 15th Independent Special Forces Brigade during the Civil War | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Russia |
Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (until 1996) Taliban factions[a] Supported by: al-Qaeda[5] Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan Iran (alleged, denied)[6] | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Rahmon Nabiyev Akbarsho Iskandrov Emomali Rahmon Islam Karimov Boris Yeltsin Nursultan Nazarbayev Askar Akayev Hassan Abaza |
Sayid Abdulloh Nuri (UTO) Mohammed Sharif Himmatzade (IRP) Ibn al-Khattab Shadman Youssof (Democratic Party) | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
42,000–45,000 5,000–15,000 border troops 20,600 10,300 278[7] | Estimated around 50,000–70,000 | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
20,000[8]–150,000 killed[9] 1.2 million displaced | |||||||
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The Tajikistani Civil War,[pron 1] also known as the Tajik Civil War, began in May 1992 and ended in June 1997. Regional groups from the Garm and Gorno-Badakhshan regions of Tajikistan rose up against the newly-formed government of President Rahmon Nabiyev, which was dominated by people from the Khujand and Kulob regions. The rebel groups were led by a combination of liberal democratic reformers[10] and Islamists, who would later organize under the banner of the United Tajik Opposition. The government was supported by Russian military and border guards.[11]
The main zone of conflict was in the country's south, although disturbances occurred nationwide.[12][13] The civil war was at its peak during its first year and continued for five years, devastating the country.[12][14] An estimated 20,000[8] to 150,000[9] people were killed in the conflict, and about 10 to 20 percent of the population of Tajikistan were internally displaced.[11] On 27 June 1997, Tajikistan president Emomali Rahmon, United Tajik Opposition (UTO) leader Sayid Abdulloh Nuri and Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General Gerd Merrem signed the General Agreement on the Establishment of Peace and National Accord in Tajikistan and the Moscow Protocol in Moscow, Russia, ending the war.[15]
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