Back دارا الثاني Arabic داريوس التانى ARZ II Dara Azerbaijani Дарий II Bulgarian Darios II Catalan Dareios II. Czech Darius II, brenin Persia Welsh Dareios II. German Δαρείος Β΄ της Περσίας Greek Dario la 2-a Esperanto

Darius II

This article is about the ancient king of the Achaemenid Empire. For other uses, see Darius II (disambiguation).
Darius II
𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁
Darius II as depicted on his tomb in Naqsh-e Rostam
King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire
Reign423–404 BC
PredecessorSogdianus
SuccessorArtaxerxes II
Pharaoh of Egypt
Reign423–404 BC
PredecessorSogdianus
SuccessorAmyrtaeus
Died404 BC
SpouseParysatis
Issue
DynastyAchaemenid
FatherArtaxerxes I
MotherCosmartidene of Babylon
ReligionZoroastrianism

Darius II (Old Persian: 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 Dārayavaʰuš; Greek: Δαρεῖος Dareios), also known by his given name Ochus (Greek: Ὦχος Ochos), was King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 423 BC to 405[1] or 404 BC.[2]

Artaxerxes I, who died in 424 BC, was followed by his son Xerxes II. After a month and half Xerxes II was murdered by his brother Sogdianus. His illegitimate brother, Ochus, satrap of Hyrcania, rebelled against Sogdianus, and after a short fight killed him, and suppressed by treachery the attempt of his own brother Arsites to imitate his example.[citation needed] Ochus adopted the name Darius (Greek sources often call him Darius Nothos, "Bastard"). Neither the names Xerxes II nor Sogdianus occur in the dates of the numerous Babylonian tablets from Nippur; here effectively the reign of Darius II follows immediately after that of Artaxerxes I.[2]

Soldiers of the Empire, on the tomb of Darius II.
Location of Darius II in the Achaemenid family tree.
Prospective Tomb of Darius II in Naqsh-e Rostam

Historians know little about Darius II's reign. A rebellion by the Medes in 409 BC is mentioned by Xenophon. It does seem that Darius II was quite dependent on his wife Parysatis. In excerpts from Ctesias some harem intrigues are recorded, in which he played a disreputable part.[2] The Elephantine papyri mention Darius II as a contemporary of the high priest Johanan of Ezra 10:6.[3][4]

  1. ^ Brill's New Pauly, "Darius".
  2. ^ a b c One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Meyer, Eduard (1911). "Darius". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 833.
  3. ^ Pritchard, James B. ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, Princeton University Press, third edition with supplement 1969, p. 492
  4. ^ Bezalel Porten (Author), J. J. Farber (Author), C. J. F. Martin (Author), G. Vittmann (Author), The Elephantine Papyri in English (Documenta Et Monumenta Orientis Antiqui, book 22), Koninklijke Brill NV, The Netherlands, 1996, p 125-153.

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