Back Държавно устройство на Унгария Bulgarian Politický systém Maďarska Czech Politisches System Ungarns German Politiko de Hungario Esperanto Política de Hungría Spanish Politique en Hongrie French Política de Hungría Galician Magyarország politikai élete Hungarian Politica dell'Ungheria Italian Politik Hungary Malay
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Politics of Hungary Magyarország politikája | |
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| Polity type | Unitary parliamentary republic Hybrid regime |
| Constitution | Constitution of Hungary (2011) |
| Formation | 23 October 1989 (Third Hungarian Republic)1 January 2012 (current constitution entered into force) |
| Legislative branch | |
| Name | National Assembly |
| Type | Unicameral |
| Meeting place | Hungarian Parliament Building |
| Presiding officer | László Kövér, President of the National Assembly of Hungary |
| Appointer | Partially parallel, partially compensatory voting: 106 FPTP seats, 93 PR seats with 5% electoral threshold (D'Hondt method) |
| Executive branch | |
| Head of State | |
| Title | President |
| Currently | Tamás Sulyok |
| Appointer | National Assembly |
| Head of Government | |
| Title | Prime Minister |
| Currently | Viktor Orbán |
| Appointer | National Assembly |
| Cabinet | |
| Name | Government of Hungary |
| Current cabinet | Fifth Orbán Government |
| Leader | Prime Minister |
| Deputy leader | Zsolt Semjén, Deputy Prime Minister |
| Appointer | National Assembly |
| Headquarters | Carmelite Monastery of Buda |
| Ministries | 15 |
| Judicial branch | |
| Constitutional Court of Hungary | |
| Chief judge | Barnabás Lenkovics |
| Seat | 1015 Budapest, Donáti utca, 35-45. |
| Curia of Hungary | |
| Chief judge | András Baka |
| Seat | 1055 Budapest, Markó utca 16. |
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The politics of Hungary takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic. The prime minister is the head of government of a pluriform multi-party system, while the president is the head of state and holds a largely ceremonial position. The country is "no longer a full democracy" according to the EU.
Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the parliament. The party system since the last elections has been dominated by the conservative Fidesz. The three larger oppositions are Democratic Coalition (DK), Momentum and Jobbik; there are also opposition parties with a small fraction in parliament (e.g. Politics Can Be Different). The judiciary is theoretically independent of the executive and the legislature, but in practice is strongly influenced by the ruling Fidesz Party.[1]
Hungary is an independent state, which has been a member of the European Union since 2004. Since 1989 Hungary has been a parliamentary republic. Legislative power is exercised by the unicameral National Assembly that consists of 199 members. Members of the National Assembly are elected for four years.
The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Hungary a "flawed democracy" in 2023, ranking 50th globally, the fourth-lowest in the EU.[2] Freedom House no longer considers Hungary a full democracy, awarding a score of 66/100.[3]
In the April 2022 election, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán won a fourth consecutive term in office. His party, Fidesz, secured another two-thirds majority in parliament.[4]
- ^ "Hungary: Status of the Hungarian Judiciary – Legal Changes have to Guarantee the Independence of Judiciary in Hungary".
- ^ "Democracy Index 2023". Economist Intelligence Unit. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "Freedom in the World 2023". FreedomHouse.org. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ Dougall, David Mac; Palfi, Rita (3 April 2022). "Key Takeaways as Viktor Orbán Wins Fourth Consecutive Term". Euronews. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
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