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Theobroma cacao

For other uses, see Cacao and Cocoa.

Theobroma cacao
Cacao fruits on the tree
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Genus: Theobroma
Species:
T. cacao
Binomial name
Theobroma cacao
Synonyms[1][2]
  • Cacao minaGaertn.
  • Cacao minus Gaertn.
  • Cacao sativa Aubl.
  • Cacao theobroma Tussac
  • Theobroma cacao f. leiocarpum (Bernoulli) Ducke
  • Theobroma cacao subsp. leiocarpum (Bernoulli) Cuatrec.
  • Theobroma cacao var. leiocarpum (Bernoulli) Cif.
  • Theobroma cacao subsp. sativa (Aubl.) León
  • Theobroma cacao var. typica Cif.
  • Theobroma caribaea Sweet
  • Theobroma integerrima Stokes
  • Theobroma kalagua De Wild.
  • Theobroma leiocarpum Bernoulli
  • Theobroma pentagonum Bernoulli
  • Theobroma saltzmanniana Bernoulli
  • Theobroma sapidum Pittier
  • Theobroma sativa (Aubl.) Lign. & Le Bey
  • Theobroma sativa var. leucosperma A. Chev.
  • Theobroma sativa var. melanosperma A. Chev.
  • Theobroma sativum (Aubl.) Lign. & Bey
Closed and open blossom and fruits on the trunk of Theobroma cacao (ÖBG Bayreuth)

Theobroma cacao (cacao tree or cocoa tree) is a small (6–12 m (20–39 ft) tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae.[1][3] Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make chocolate liquor, cocoa solids, cocoa butter and chocolate.[4] Native to the tropics of the Americas, the largest producer of cocoa beans in 2018 was Ivory Coast, at 2.2 million tons. Its leaves are alternate, entire, unlobed, 10–50 cm (4–20 in) long and 5–10 cm (2–4 in) broad.

  1. ^ a b c "Theobroma cacao L. Sp. Pl. : 782 (1753)". World Flora Online. World flora Consortium. 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  2. ^ "Mentha canadensis L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  3. ^ "Theobroma cacao". Encyclopedia of Life. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  4. ^ "Cocoa". Drugs.com. 6 January 2020. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2020.

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