Georgia O'Keeffe

Georgia O'Keeffe
O'Keeffe in 1932, photograph by Alfred Stieglitz
Born	Georgia Totto O'Keeffe (1887-11-15)November 15, 1887 Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, U.S.
Died	March 6, 1986(1986-03-06) (aged 98) Santa Fe, New Mexico, U.S.
Known for	Visual arts: painting, sculpture, photography
Movement	American modernism, Precisionism
Spouse	Alfred Stieglitz ​ ​ (m. 1924; died 1946)​
Family	Ida O'Keeffe (younger sister)
Awards	National Medal of Arts (1985) Presidential Medal of Freedom (1977) Edward MacDowell Medal (1972)

Georgia Totto O'Keeffe (November 15, 1887 – March 6, 1986) was an American modernist painter and draftswoman whose career spanned seven decades and whose work remained largely independent of major art movements. Called the "Mother of American modernism", O'Keeffe gained international recognition for her meticulous paintings of natural forms, particularly flowers and desert-inspired landscapes, which were often drawn from and related to places and environments in which she lived.^[1][2]

From 1905, when O'Keeffe began her studies at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, until about 1920, she studied art or earned money as a commercial illustrator or a teacher to pay for further education.^[3][4] Influenced by Arthur Wesley Dow, O'Keeffe began to develop her unique style beginning with her watercolors from her studies at the University of Virginia and more dramatically in the charcoal drawings that she produced in 1915 that led to total abstraction. Alfred Stieglitz, an art dealer and photographer, held an exhibit of her works in 1917.^[5] Over the next couple of years, she taught and continued her studies at the Teachers College, Columbia University.

She moved to New York in 1918 at Stieglitz's request and began working seriously as an artist.^[6] They developed a professional and personal relationship that led to their marriage on December 11, 1924.^[7] O'Keeffe created many forms of abstract art, including close-ups of flowers, such as the Red Canna paintings, that many found to represent vulvas,^[8] though O'Keeffe consistently denied that intention.^[9] The imputation of the depiction of women's sexuality was also fueled by explicit and sensuous photographs of O'Keeffe that Stieglitz had taken and exhibited.

O'Keeffe and Stieglitz lived together in New York until 1929, when O'Keeffe began spending part of the year in the Southwest, which served as inspiration for her paintings of New Mexico landscapes and images of animal skulls, such as Cow's Skull: Red, White, and Blue (1931) and Summer Days (1936). After Stieglitz's death in 1946, she lived in New Mexico for the next 40 years at her home and studio or Ghost Ranch summer home in Abiquiú, and in the last years of her life, in Santa Fe. In 2014, O'Keeffe's 1932 painting Jimson Weed/White Flower No. 1 sold for $44,405,000—at the time, by far the largest price paid for any painting by a female artist.^[10] Her works are in the collections of several museums, and following her death, the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum was established in Santa Fe.