Islam and Sikhism

Islam is an Abrahamic religion founded in the Arabian Peninsula, while Sikhism is an Indian religion founded in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. Islam means 'submission to god'.^[1]^[2] The word Sikh is derived from a word meaning 'disciple', or one who learns.^[3]

Sikhs believe that the 'creator and creation are one and the same thing'.^[4] Most Muslims, on the other hand, believe God is separate and distinct from his creation.^[5] Islam believes that Muhammad was the last prophet, to whom the Quran was revealed by God in the 7th century CE. Sikhism was founded in the 15th century CE by Guru Nanak. Guru Granth Sahib is the scripture followed by Sikhs as "The Living Guru".^[6]^[7]

In Islam, the legal system based on the Quran and the Sunnah is known as Sharia; there is no such legal system mentioned in Guru Granth Sahib. Daily prayers are one of the pillars of Islam, and they are mandatory for all Muslims.^[8] Baptized Sikhs read the five banis as part of their daily routine, Nitnem. Islam requires annual zakah (alms giving) by Muslims.^[9] Kirat Karna (doing an honest livelihood — earning honestly without any sort of corruption); Naam Japna (to chant and meditate on Naam, read and follow "The One"); and Vand Chhako (selfless service [sewa] and sharing with others) are fundamental to Sikhism given by^[tone] Guru Nanak Dev Ji. The Hajj is a religious pilgrimage to Mecca that is an important part of Islam, while Sikhs do not believe in pilgrimages. However, many Sikhs do frequently travel to Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar.^[10]

There has been a history of constructive influence and conflict between Islam and Sikhism. The Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib includes teachings from Muslims, namely Baba Farid and Kabir.^[11]^[12]^[13]

The very first convert to Sikhism was a Muslim, Mardana, who was Guru Nanak's lifelong friend and companion on his journeys. He is believed to have played the rebab while Guru Nanak recited the sacred hymns that would later form the Adi Granth.

The first major interaction between the two religions happened when Guru Nanak spent two years in Mecca and the Middle East. He learned about Islam and had detailed discussions with Muslim sheikhs.

^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2015-06-04.
^ Lewis, Barnard; Churchill, Buntzie Ellis (2009). Islam: The Religion and The People. Wharton. pp. 8. ISBN 9780132230858.
^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2015-05-25.
^ Patridge, Christopher (2005). Introduction to World Religions. Fortress Press. ISBN 9780800637149. The central teaching in Sikhism is the belief in the oneness of God....The same God is the Creator and Nourisher of all.
^ Alexander Stewart (2016-07-01), Chinese Muslims and the Global Ummah: Islamic Revival and Ethnic Identity, Routledge, p. 43, ISBN 9781317238478
^ Cite error: The named reference jj1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference g18 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Fisher, Mary (1997). Living religions : an encyclopedia of the world's faiths. I.B. Tauris. p. 353. ISBN 978-1-86064-148-0.
^ Rai, Priya (1989). Sikhism and the Sikhs. Greenwood Press. pp. 230–233. ISBN 978-0-313-26130-5.
^ D.S Chahal (Editors: John Peppin etc.) (2004). Religious perspectives in bioethics. London u.a: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-54413-9. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
^ Shapiro, Michael (2002). Songs of the Saints from the Adi Granth. Journal of the American Oriental Society. pp. 924, 925.
^ Deol, Harnik (2000). Religion and Nationalism in India. London and New York: Routledge. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-415-20108-7.
^ Pashaura Singh (2000). The Guru Granth Sahib: Canon, Meaning and Authority. Oxford University Press. pp. 174–180. ISBN 978-0-19-564894-2.

[1] "Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2015-06-04.

[2] Lewis, Barnard; Churchill, Buntzie Ellis (2009). Islam: The Religion and The People. Wharton. pp. 8. ISBN 9780132230858.

[3] "Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2015-05-25.

[4] Patridge, Christopher (2005). Introduction to World Religions. Fortress Press. ISBN 9780800637149. The central teaching in Sikhism is the belief in the oneness of God....The same God is the Creator and Nourisher of all.

[5] Alexander Stewart (2016-07-01), Chinese Muslims and the Global Ummah: Islamic Revival and Ethnic Identity, Routledge, p. 43, ISBN 9781317238478

[jj1-6] Cite error: The named reference jj1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[g18-7] Cite error: The named reference g18 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[8] Fisher, Mary (1997). Living religions : an encyclopedia of the world's faiths. I.B. Tauris. p. 353. ISBN 978-1-86064-148-0.

[9] Rai, Priya (1989). Sikhism and the Sikhs. Greenwood Press. pp. 230–233. ISBN 978-0-313-26130-5.

[D.S_Chahal_Editors:_John_Peppin_etc._2004-10] D.S Chahal (Editors: John Peppin etc.) (2004). Religious perspectives in bioethics. London u.a: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-54413-9. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)

[shapiro924-11] Shapiro, Michael (2002). Songs of the Saints from the Adi Granth. Journal of the American Oriental Society. pp. 924, 925.

[deol-12] Deol, Harnik (2000). Religion and Nationalism in India. London and New York: Routledge. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-415-20108-7.

[13] Pashaura Singh (2000). The Guru Granth Sahib: Canon, Meaning and Authority. Oxford University Press. pp. 174–180. ISBN 978-0-19-564894-2.

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