Islamic music

Islamic music may refer to religious music, as performed in Islamic public services or private devotions, or more generally to musical traditions of the Muslim world. The heartland of Islam is the Middle East, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, West Africa, Iran, Central Asia, and South Asia. Due to Islam being a multi-ethnic religion, the musical expression of its adherents is vastly diverse. Indigenous traditions of various part have influenced the musical styles popular among Muslims today. The word "music" in Arabic, the language of Islam, (mūsīqā موسيقى) is defined more narrowly than in English or some other languages, and "its concept" was at least originally "reserved for secular art music; separate names and concepts belonged to folk songs and to religious chants".^[1]

At least one scholar (Jacob M. Landau) makes the generalization about Islamic music that it "is characterized by a highly subtle organization of melody and rhythm", that "the vocal component predominates over the instrumental", and that the individual musician "is permitted, and indeed encouraged, to improvise".^[1]

Historically, the question of whether music is permitted in Islamic jurisprudence is disputed.^[2] Regardless, Islamic art and music flourished during the Islamic Golden Age.^[3]^[4]^[5] Islamic music is also credited with influencing European and Western music; for example, French musicologist Baron Rodolphe d'Erlanger in his assessment of the Abbasid Caliphate in Islamic history credits Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi's Kitabu l'musiqi al-kabir ("The Great Book of Music") with this influence.^[4]

^ ^a ^b Landau, Jacob M. "Islamic Arts. Music". Britannica. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
^ Cite error: The named reference Al-Shawkani-8 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Bhattacharyya, Prasanta; Ghosh, Tapan Kumar (December 14, 2016). Mapping out the Rushdie Republic: Some Recent Surveys. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-5562-4 – via Google Books.
^ ^a ^b Bohlman, Philip V.; Werkman, Mary (June 7, 2013). Revival and Reconciliation: Sacred Music in the Making of European Modernity. Scarecrow Press, Chicago. ISBN 978-0-8108-8269-0 – via Google Books.
^ LIFE Aladdin. Time Home Entertainment. May 24, 2019. ISBN 978-1-5478-4903-1 – via Google Books.

[Britannica-1] Landau, Jacob M. "Islamic Arts. Music". Britannica. Retrieved 4 January 2022.

[Al-Shawkani-8-2] Cite error: The named reference Al-Shawkani-8 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[auto2-3] Bhattacharyya, Prasanta; Ghosh, Tapan Kumar (December 14, 2016). Mapping out the Rushdie Republic: Some Recent Surveys. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-5562-4 – via Google Books.

[auto1-4] Bohlman, Philip V.; Werkman, Mary (June 7, 2013). Revival and Reconciliation: Sacred Music in the Making of European Modernity. Scarecrow Press, Chicago. ISBN 978-0-8108-8269-0 – via Google Books.

[auto-5] LIFE Aladdin. Time Home Entertainment. May 24, 2019. ISBN 978-1-5478-4903-1 – via Google Books.

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