Jesselton revolt

Jesselton revolt
Some names of resistance movement members aside from the main group who were subsequently executed after the revolt.
Date 9 October 1943 (1943-10-09) – 21 January 1944; 80 years ago (1944-01-21) (3 months, 1 week and 5 days) Location Jesselton, British North Borneo Result Japanese victory. Execution of Albert Kwok and others who surrendered.
Belligerents
Kinabalu Guerrillas Defence Forces	Empire of Japan  • Occupied British Borneo
Commanders and leaders
Albert Kwok  (POW) Hiew Syn Yong Kong Tze Phui  (POW) Li Tet Phui  (POW) Tsen Tsau Kong  (POW) Charles Peter  (POW) Jules Stephens  (POW) Budh Singh  (POW) Sohan Singh  (POW) Panglima Ali  (POW) Orang Tua Arshad  (POW) Musah Duallis Jemalul Saruddin  (POW) Subedar Dewa Singh	Shimizu
Units involved
Overseas Chinese Defence Association  • Chinese National Salvation Association North Borneo Volunteer Force North Bornean indigenous volunteers Philippine indigenous volunteers Members of Indian Imperial Police Limited arms support: United States Forces in the Philippines	Imperial Japanese Army  • Kenpeitai
Strength
100 Chinese ≈200 Bornean/Philippine indigenous peoples[note 1]/Eurasian/Sikh Indian	≈Hundreds Japanese police (1943) ≈Thousands Japanese troops (post 1943)
Casualties and losses
324 resistance members killed	50–90 police/soldiers killed[note 2]
2,000–4,000 civilians massacred by the Japanese

The Jesselton revolt (also known as the Jesselton uprising or the Double Tenth Revolt/Incident) was a revolt by a resistance movement known as the Kinabalu Guerrillas, comprising local Chinese, indigenous peoples, Eurasian and Sikh Indian of Jesselton, North Borneo and led by Albert Kwok, against the Japanese occupying forces of North Borneo.

The movement succeeded in killing around 50–90 Japanese police and soldiers and temporarily took control of Jesselton (which after the war in 1946 would become the North Borneo and then later Sabah capital) and several neighbouring districts of Tuaran and Kota Belud. Owing to extremely limited arms supplies, however, the movement was forced to retreat to its hide-out. The Japanese Kenpeitai then launched attacks against coastal settlements in western North Borneo to find the leader and members of the guerrilla force, with many innocent civilians suffering the various atrocities that have become synonymous with Japanese conquest in the Pacific War.

The leader of the revolt finally decided to surrender following Japanese threats to execute more civilians if the guerrillas did not turn themselves in. Following the arrest and subsequent execution of the rebel alliance, the Japanese returned to administer North Borneo until 1945 when the main Allied liberation mission arrived.

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