Masculinity

Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles associated with men and boys. Masculinity can be theoretically understood as socially constructed,^[1] and there is also evidence that some behaviors considered masculine are influenced by both cultural factors and biological factors.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] To what extent masculinity is biologically or socially influenced is subject to debate.^[2]^[3]^[4] It is distinct from the definition of the biological male sex,^[5]^[6] as anyone can exhibit masculine traits.^[7] Standards of masculinity vary across different cultures and historical periods.

^ ^a ^b Shehan, Constance L. (2018). Gale Researcher Guide for: The Continuing Significance of Gender. Gale, Cengage Learning. pp. 1–5. ISBN 9781535861175.
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference MartinFinn was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference Lippa was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference Wharton was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Ferrante, Joan (January 2010). Sociology: A Global Perspective (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. pp. 269–272. ISBN 978-0-8400-3204-1.
^ "What do we mean by 'sex' and 'gender'?". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014.
^ Halberstam, Judith (2004). "'Female masculinity'". In Kimmel, Michael S.; Aronson, Amy (eds.). Men and Masculinities: A Social, Cultural, and Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. pp. 294–5. ISBN 978-1-57-607774-0.

[shehan-1] Shehan, Constance L. (2018). Gale Researcher Guide for: The Continuing Significance of Gender. Gale, Cengage Learning. pp. 1–5. ISBN 9781535861175.

[MartinFinn-2] Cite error: The named reference MartinFinn was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Lippa-3] Cite error: The named reference Lippa was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Wharton-4] Cite error: The named reference Wharton was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Ferrante-5] Ferrante, Joan (January 2010). Sociology: A Global Perspective (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. pp. 269–272. ISBN 978-0-8400-3204-1.

[WHO-6] "What do we mean by 'sex' and 'gender'?". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014.

[7] Halberstam, Judith (2004). "'Female masculinity'". In Kimmel, Michael S.; Aronson, Amy (eds.). Men and Masculinities: A Social, Cultural, and Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. pp. 294–5. ISBN 978-1-57-607774-0.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]