| President of the Supreme Federal Court | |
|---|---|
| Supreme Federal Court | |
| Style | Mr. President (informal) Your Excellency (within court) The Most Excellent Mr. President (formal) |
| Status | Chief justice |
| Member of | Federal judiciary National Council of Justice |
| Seat | Supreme Federal Court Palace, Brasília, Federal District |
| Nominator | Members of the Supreme Court |
| Term length | Two years not renewable |
| Constituting instrument | Constitution of Brazil |
| Formation | 8 January 1829 |
| First holder | José Albano Fragoso (Supreme Court of Justice) Freitas Henriques (Supreme Federal Court) |
| Succession | Fourth |
| Salary | $39,293 BRL |
| Website | stf.jus.br |
The President of the Supreme Federal Court is the highest-ranking officer of the Brazilian judiciary branch. The holder is also president of the National Council of Justice (CNJ).[1] Among their attributions are the representation of both the Court and the Council before the other branches of government and authorities, the presidency of plenary sessions of both institutions, enforce the Court and Council bylaws, the decision of points of order in both of its subjection to their respective floors, the decision of injunction during recess or vacation and swear in justices of the Supreme Court and councillors of CNJ.[2][3]
The President and Vice President of the Supreme Court are elected by the other justices in a secret ballot, with minimum quorum of 8 justices, in a two-round system for a two years term, forbidden a re-election for a new term.[2] Usually, the justices vote in the senior one who didn't assumed the presidency, while they vote in the second senior justice in the same situation. The tradition present in most part of the republican history of the country is the election of the Vice President, after the end of the term, by their peers, to assume the presidency. The self-government and self determination of the Supreme Federal Court with regards of the choice of its President didn't exist in two historical periods: during the monarchy, the Emperor of Brazil appointed the President of the Supreme Court of Justice for a three years term, renewable;[4] under the Constitution of 1937, the President of Brazil appointed, for undetermined time, among the justice of the current composition, the President of the Court.[5][6]
The President of the Supreme Federal Court is the fourth in the Brazilian presidential line of succession and can hold the office of President of the Federal Senate in exceptional situations. The longest presidency was held by Hermínio do Espírito Santo for 13 years and 312 days, while the shortest was held by Leoni Ramos for 23 days.[6] The Presidents who appointed the most Presidents of the Supreme Court were Getúlio Vargas and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, with six appointments each. The current President is justice Luís Roberto Barroso since 28 September 2023.[7]
- ^ "Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, Artigo 103-B". Palácio do Planalto (in Brazilian Portuguese). 5 October 1988. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
- ^ a b "Diário da Justiça" (PDF). Supremo Tribunal Federal (in Brazilian Portuguese) (205). 27 October 1980. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
- ^ "Presidência". Conselho Nacional de Justiça (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 10 June 2023.
- ^ "Lei de 18 de setembro de 1828". Palácio do Planalto (in Portuguese). 18 September 1828. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
- ^ "Decreto-Lei n° 2.770, de 11 de novembro de 1940". Câmara dos Deputados (in Brazilian Portuguese). 11 November 1940. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
- ^ a b Celso de Mello (2012). "Notas sobre o Supremo Tribunal (Império e República)" (PDF) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Brasília: Supremo Tribunal Federal.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Boadle, Anthony; Gregorio, David (28 September 2023). "Brazil Supreme Court's new chief justice faces stormy ties with Congress". Reuters (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 29 September 2023.
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