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Rationalist humanism, or rational humanism or rationalistic humanism,[1] is one of the strands of Age of Enlightenment.[2] It had its roots in Renaissance humanism, as a response to Middle Age religious integralism and obscurantism.[1] Rationalist humanism tradition includes Tocqueville and Montesquieu, and in the 19th century, Élie Halévy.[3][4]
Other strands of the Enlightenment included scientific naturalism.[2] In the mid 20th century, rational humanism represented also an alternative for those that did not embrace Sartre's existentialism.[5] In the late 20th century, it has sided against the equiparation of human rights with rights to other animal species.[6]
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