Tikal

Tikal

Yax Mutal
Tikal Temple I rises 47 meters (154 ft) high.[1]
Alternative name	Yax Mutal
Location	Flores, Petén Department, Guatemala
Region	Petén Basin
Coordinates	17°13′19″N 89°37′25″W / 17.22194°N 89.62361°W / 17.22194; -89.62361
History
Periods	Early Classic to Late Classic
Cultures	Maya civilization
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official name	Tikal National Park
Type	Mixed
Criteria	i, iii, iv, ix, x
Designated	1979 (3rd session)
Reference no.	64
Region	Latin America and the Caribbean

Tikal (/tiˈkɑːl/; Tik'al in modern Mayan orthography) is the ruin of an ancient city, which was likely to have been called Yax Mutal,^[2] found in a rainforest in Guatemala.^[3] It is one of the largest archeological sites and urban centers of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization. It is located in the archeological region of the Petén Basin in what is now northern Guatemala. Situated in the department of El Petén, the site is part of Guatemala's Tikal National Park and in 1979 it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.^[4]

Tikal was the capital of a conquest state that became one of the most powerful kingdoms of the ancient Maya.^[5] Though monumental architecture at the site dates back as far as the 4th century BC, Tikal reached its apogee during the Classic Period, c. 200 to 900. During this time, the city dominated much of the Maya region politically, economically, and militarily, while interacting with areas throughout Mesoamerica such as the great metropolis of Teotihuacan in the distant Valley of Mexico. There is evidence that Tikal was conquered by Teotihuacan in the 4th century AD.^[6] Following the end of the Late Classic Period, no new major monuments were built at Tikal and there is evidence that elite palaces were burned. These events were coupled with a gradual population decline, culminating with the site's abandonment by the end of the 10th century.

Tikal is the best understood of any of the large lowland Maya cities, with a long dynastic ruler list, the discovery of the tombs of many of the rulers on this list and the investigation of their monuments, temples and palaces.^[7]