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Mohammad Mosaddegh

Mohammad Mosaddegh
محمد مصدق
30th Prime Minister of Iran
In office
21 July 1952 – 19 August 1953
MonarchMohammad Reza Pahlavi
Preceded byAhmad Qavam
Succeeded byFazlollah Zahedi
In office
28 April 1951 – 16 July 1952
MonarchMohammad Reza Pahlavi
Preceded byHossein Ala'
Succeeded byAhmad Qavam
Minister of National Defence
In office
21 July 1952 – 19 August 1953
MonarchMohammad Reza Pahlavi
Prime MinisterHimself
Preceded byMostafa Yazdanpanah
Succeeded byAbdollah Hedayat
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
30 May 1923 – 23 September 1923
MonarchAhmad Shah Qajar
Prime MinisterHassan Pirnia
Preceded byMohammad-Ali Foroughi
Succeeded byMohammad-Ali Foroughi
In office
30 September 1921 – 8 October 1921
MonarchAhmad Shah Qajar
Prime MinisterAhmad Qavam
Preceded byHassan Esfandiari
Succeeded byAssadollah Ghadimi
Vali of Azerbaijan Province
In office
17 February 1922 – 12 July 1922
MonarchAhmad Shah Qajar
Prime MinisterHassan Pirnia
Succeeded byAmanullah Jahanbani
Minister of Finance
In office
21 November 1921 – 7 January 1922
MonarchAhmad Shah Qajar
Prime MinisterAhmad Qavam
Vali of Fars Province
In office
11 October 1920 – 22 March 1921
MonarchAhmad Shah Qajar
Prime MinisterHassan Pirnia
Member of the Parliament of Iran
In office
25 April 1950 – 27 April 1951
ConstituencyTehran
Majority30,738 (ranked 1st)
In office
7 March 1944 – 12 March 1946
ConstituencyTehran
MajorityRanked 1st
In office
11 July 1926 – 13 August 1928
ConstituencyTehran
In office
11 February 1924 – 11 February 1926
ConstituencyTehran
MajorityRanked 3rd
In office
Unable to assume office in 1906
ConstituencyIsfahan Hasnain
Personal details
Born
Mirza Mohammad-Khan Mossadegh-ol-Saltaneh

(1882-06-16)16 June 1882
Ahmedabad, Tehran, Sublime State of Persia
Died5 March 1967(1967-03-05) (aged 84)
Najmieh Hospital, Tehran, Imperial State of Iran
Resting placeAhmadabad-e Mosaddeq Castle
Political party
Spouse
Zahra Khanum
​
​
(m. 1901; died 1965)​
Children5
Parents
RelativesAbdol-Hossein Farman Farma (uncle)
Abbas Mirza (great-grandfather)
Alma materUniversity of Neuchâtel
Signature
Mohammad Mosaddegh's voice
Recorded in the National Consultative Assembly from the Library, Museum and Document Center of Iran Parliament

Mohammad Mosaddegh[a] (Persian: محمد مصدق, IPA: [mohæmˈmæd(-e) mosædˈdeɢ] ⓘ;[b] 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967) was an Iranian politician, author, and lawyer who served as the 30th Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953, elected by the 16th Majlis.[4][5] He was a member of the Iranian parliament from 1923, and served through a contentious 1952 election into the 17th Iranian Majlis,[6] until his government was overthrown in the 1953 Iranian coup d'état aided by the intelligence agencies of the United Kingdom (MI6) and the United States (CIA), led by Kermit Roosevelt Jr.[7][8] His National Front was suppressed from the 1954 election.[9]

Before its removal from power, his administration introduced a range of social and political measures such as social security, land reforms and higher taxes including the introduction of taxation on the rent of land. His government's most significant policy was the nationalisation of the Iranian oil industry, which had been built by the British on Persian lands since 1913 through the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC/AIOC), later known as British Petroleum (BP).[10]

In the aftermath of the overthrow, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi returned to power, and negotiated the Consortium Agreement of 1954 with the British, which gave split ownership of Iranian oil production between Iran and western companies until 1979.[11] Mosaddegh was imprisoned for three years, then put under house arrest until his death and was buried in his own home so as to prevent a political furore.[12][13] In 2013, the US government formally acknowledged its role in the coup as being a part of its foreign policy initiatives, including paying protestors and bribing officials.[14]

  1. ^ Matini, Jalal (2009). نگاهی به کارنامه سیاسی دکتر محمد مصدق [A Glance at the Political Career of Dr. Mohammad Mosaddeq] (in Persian). Los Angeles, CA: Ketab Co. p. 25. ISBN 978-1595842268.
  2. ^ Bani-Jamali, Ahmad (2008). آشوب: مطالعه‌ای در زندگی و شخصیت دکتر محمد مصدق [Chaos: A Study on Life and Character of Dr. Mohammad Mosaddeq] (in Persian). Tehran: Ney. pp. 146–155. ISBN 978-9643129705.
  3. ^ Houchang E. Chehabi (1990). Iranian Politics and Religious Modernism: The Liberation Movement of Iran Under the Shah and Khomeini. I.B.Tauris. p. 113. ISBN 978-1850431985.
  4. ^ McQuade, Joseph (27 July 2017). "How the CIA toppled Iranian democracy". The Conversation. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  5. ^ Gasiorowski, Roham Alvandi, Mark J. "The United States Overthrew Iran's Last Democratic Leader". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 13 April 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference evolving was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ James Risen (2000). "The C.I.A. in Iran: First Few Days Look Disastrous". The New York Times.
  8. ^ Kinzer 2003.
  9. ^ Gasiorowski, Mark (1991). U.S. Foreign Policy and the Shah: Building a Client State in Iran. Cornell University Press. p. 166. ISBN 0-8014-2412-7.
  10. ^ Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power (ISBN 9781439110126).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference 1953coup was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ "CIA Confirms Role in 1953 Iran Coup". nsarchive2.gwu.edu. The National Security Archive. 19 August 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
  13. ^ Saeed Kamali Dehghan; Richard Norton-Taylor (19 August 2013). "CIA admits role in 1953 Iranian coup". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
  14. ^ "In declassified document, CIA acknowledges role in '53 Iran coup". CNN. Retrieved 22 August 2013.


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