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New class is a polemic term by critics of countries that followed the Soviet-type state socialism to describe the privileged ruling class of bureaucrats and Communist party functionaries which arose in these states.^[1]^[2] Generally, the group known in the Soviet Union as the nomenklatura conforms to the theory of the new class.^[3]^[4] The term was earlier applied to other emerging strata of the society. Milovan Đilas' new-class theory was also used extensively by anti-communist commentators in the Western world in their criticism of the Communist states during the Cold War.

Red bourgeoisie is a pejorative synonym for the term new class, crafted by leftist critics and movements like the 1968 student demonstrations in Belgrade. New class is also used as a term in late 1960s post-industrial sociology.

^ Sinyavsky, Andrei (1991). "Stalin: The State–Church". Soviet Civilization: A Cultural History. Arcade Publishing. p. 91. ISBN 978-1559701594.
^ Fernandez, Neil C. (1997). "The Class Struggle: A Critique of 'Marxist' Theories". Capitalism and Class Struggle in the USSR: A Marxist Theory. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 162–163. ISBN 1840141867.
^ Wasserstein, Bernard (2007). Barbarism and civilization: a history of Europe in our time. Oxford University Press. p. 509. ISBN 978-0-19-873074-3.
^ Rosenberg, William G.; Siegelbaum, Lewis H., eds. (1993). Social Dimensions of Soviet Industrialization. Indiana University Press. p. 8. ISBN 0-253-20772-X.