Back كحول (طب) Arabic السبيرتو ARZ Alcohol (meddyginiaeth) Welsh Αλκοόλη (ιατρική) Greek Alcohol (medicina) Spanish الکل (دارو) Persian Բժշկական սպիրտ Armenian Alkohol (perubatan) Malay ଆଲକହଲ (ଡାକ୍ତରୀ ବ୍ୟବହାର) OR Uso de álcoois na medicina Portuguese
&sq=Vangelis&lang=en&file=File:Ethanol-2D-skeletal.svg) Ethanol is a commonly used medical alcohol. | |
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|---|---|
| Routes of administration | Topical, intravenous, by mouth |
| Drug class | Antiseptics, disinfectants, antidotes |
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| Legal status |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Metabolism | Liver |
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Alcohols, in various forms, are used medically as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and antidote.[1] Alcohols applied to the skin are used to disinfect skin before a needle stick and before surgery.[2] They may also be used as a hand sanitizer;[2] to clean other areas;[2] and in mouthwashes.[3][4][5] Taken by mouth or injected into a vein, ethanol is used to treat methanol or ethylene glycol toxicity when fomepizole is not available.[1]
Side effects of alcohols applied to the skin include skin irritation.[2] Care should be taken with electrocautery, as ethanol is flammable.[1] Types of alcohol used include ethanol, denatured ethanol, 1-propanol, and isopropyl alcohol.[6][7] Alcohols are effective against a range of microorganisms, though they do not inactivate spores.[7] Concentrations of 60% to 90% work best.[7]
- ^ a b c British National Formulary: BNF 69 (69th ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. pp. 42, 838. ISBN 9780857111562.
- ^ a b c d World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 321. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
- ^ Limeback H (11 April 2012). Comprehensive Preventive Dentistry. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 138–. ISBN 978-1-118-28020-1. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017.
- ^ Kuriakose MA (8 December 2016). Contemporary Oral Oncology: Biology, Epidemiology, Etiology, and Prevention. Springer. pp. 47–54. ISBN 978-3-319-14911-0. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017.
- ^ Jameel RA, Khan SS, Kamaruddin MF, Abd Rahim ZH, Bakri MM, Abdul Razak FB (October 2014). "Is synthetic mouthwash the final choice to treat oral malodour?". Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons—Pakistan. 24 (10): 757–762. PMID 25327922.
- ^ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ a b c McDonnell G, Russell AD (January 1999). "Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 12 (1): 147–179. doi:10.1128/cmr.12.1.147. PMC 88911. PMID 9880479.
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