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Apollo 15

Apollo 15
James Irwin salutes the United States flag on the Moon, August 2, 1971
Mission typeCrewed lunar landing (J)
OperatorNASA[1]
COSPAR ID
  • CSM: 1971-063A[2]
  • LM: 1971-063C[3]
SATCAT no.
Mission duration12 days, 7 hours, 11 minutes, 53 seconds[4]
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft
Manufacturer
Launch mass48,599 kilograms (107,142 lb)[2]
Landing mass5,321 kilograms (11,731 lb)[7]
Crew
Crew size3
Members
Callsign
  • CSM: Endeavour
  • LM: Falcon
EVAs1 in cislunar space and 4 on the lunar surface[8]
EVA duration39 minutes, 7 seconds[8]
Spacewalk to retrieve film cassettes
Start of mission
Launch dateJuly 26, 1971, 13:34:00.6 (1971-07-26UTC13:34Z) UTC[9]
RocketSaturn V SA-510[10]
Launch siteKennedy LC-39A[2]
End of mission
Recovered byUSS Okinawa[4]
Landing dateAugust 7, 1971, 20:45:53 (1971-08-07UTC20:45:54Z) UTC[4]
Landing siteNorth Pacific Ocean
26°7′N 158°8′W / 26.117°N 158.133°W / 26.117; -158.133 (Apollo 15 splashdown)[4]
Orbital parameters
Reference systemSelenocentric[11]
Periselene altitude101.5 kilometers (54.8 nmi)[11]
Aposelene altitude120.8 kilometers (65.2 nmi)[11]
Inclination23 degrees[11]
EpochJuly 30, 1971[11]
Lunar orbiter
Spacecraft componentCommand and service module
Orbital insertionJuly 29, 1971, 20:05:46 UTC[8]
Orbital departureAugust 4, 1971, 21:22:45 UTC[8]
Orbits74[12]
Lunar lander
Spacecraft componentLunar module
Landing dateJuly 30, 1971, 22:16:29 UTC[8]
Return launchAugust 2, 1971, 17:11:23 UTC[8]
Landing siteHadley–Apennine
26°07′56″N 3°38′02″E / 26.1322°N 3.6339°E / 26.1322; 3.6339[13]
Sample mass77 kilograms (170 lb)[4]
Surface EVAs4 (including standup)
EVA duration
  • 19 hours, 7 minutes, 53 seconds[8]
  • Standup: 33 minutes, 7 seconds[8]
  • First: 6 hours, 32 minutes, 42 seconds[14]
  • Second: 7 hours, 12 minutes, 14 seconds[15]
  • Third: 4 hours, 49 minutes, 50 seconds[16]
Lunar rover
Distance driven27.9 kilometers (17.3 mi)[4]
Docking with LM
Docking dateJuly 26, 1971, 17:07:49 UTC[8]
Undocking dateJuly 30, 1971, 18:13:16 UTC[8]
Docking with LM Ascent Stage
Docking dateAugust 2, 1971, 19:10:25 UTC[8]
Undocking dateAugust 3, 1971, 01:04:01 UTC[8]
Payload
Mass
  • PFS-1: 78.5 pounds (35.6 kg)[17]
  • LRV: 463 pounds (210 kg)[12]
Apollo 15 crew
Left to right: Scott, Worden, Irwin 
Part of a series on
Apollo 15

Apollo 15 (July 26 – August 7, 1971) was the ninth crewed mission in the United States' Apollo program and the fourth to land on the Moon. It was the first J mission, with a longer stay on the Moon and a greater focus on science than earlier landings. Apollo 15 saw the first use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle.

The mission began on July 26 and ended on August 7, with the lunar surface exploration taking place between July 30 and August 2. Commander David Scott and Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin landed near Hadley Rille and explored the local area using the rover, allowing them to travel further from the lunar module than had been possible on previous missions. They spent 181⁄2 hours on the Moon's surface on four extravehicular activities (EVA), and collected 170 pounds (77 kg) of surface material.

At the same time, Command Module Pilot Alfred Worden orbited the Moon, operating the sensors in the scientific instrument module (SIM) bay of the service module. This suite of instruments collected data on the Moon and its environment using a panoramic camera, a gamma-ray spectrometer, a mapping camera, a laser altimeter, a mass spectrometer, and a lunar subsatellite deployed at the end of the moonwalks. The lunar module returned safely to the command module and, at the end of Apollo 15's 74th lunar orbit,[18] the engine was fired for the journey home. During the return trip, Worden performed the first spacewalk in deep space. The Apollo 15 mission splashed down safely on August 7 despite the loss of one of its three parachutes.

The mission accomplished its goals but was marred by negative publicity the following year when it emerged that the crew had carried unauthorized postal covers to the lunar surface, some of which were sold by a West German stamp dealer. The members of the crew were reprimanded for poor judgment, and did not fly in space again. The mission also saw the collection of the Genesis Rock, thought to be part of the Moon's early crust, and Scott's use of a hammer and a feather to validate Galileo's theory that when there is no air resistance, objects fall at the same rate due to gravity regardless of their mass.

  1. ^ Orloff, Richard W. (2004) [2000]. "Table of Contents". Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4. Archived from the original on August 23, 2007. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
  2. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference Apollo 15 CSM was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c "Apollo 15 Lunar Module /ALSEP". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Mission Report, p. 3.
  5. ^ "Apollo 15 Command Module". Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. March 17, 2016. Archived from the original on July 22, 2019. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
  6. ^ "Lunar Module LM-2". Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. March 21, 2016. Archived from the original on January 15, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
  7. ^ Mission Report, p. 263.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Orloff, Richard W. (2005) [2000]. "Apollo 15 timeline". Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
  9. ^ Mission Report, p. 1.
  10. ^ Orloff & Harland, p. 426.
  11. ^ a b c d e Mission Report, pp. 10–11.
  12. ^ a b Orloff, Richard W. (2005) [2000]. "Apollo 15 The Ninth Mission: The Fourth Lunar Landing 26 July–7 August 1971". Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
  13. ^ "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 15 LM descent stage". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
  14. ^ Mission Report, p. 15.
  15. ^ Mission Report, pp. 15–16.
  16. ^ Mission Report, p. 16.
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference presskit was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ "APOLLO 15". history.nasa.gov.

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