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Danish Realm

This article is about the current realm. For the mainland, see Denmark. For the colonial era, see Danish overseas colonies. For other territories formerly under Danish control, see History of Denmark.
For other uses, see Denmark (disambiguation).

Kingdom of Denmark
Anthems:
Der er et yndigt land
(English: "There is a lovely country")

Kong Christian stod ved højen mast[a]
(English: "King Christian stood by the lofty mast")
Location of Denmark
Clockwise from top left (sizes not to scale): maps of Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Denmark
Clockwise from top left (sizes not to scale): maps of Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Denmark
Capital
and largest city
Copenhagen[b]
Official languagesDanish
Recognised regional languagesFaroese
Greenlandic
German[c]
Demonym(s)
Countries (non‑sovereign parts)
GovernmentDevolved unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch
Frederik X
Mette Frederiksen
Aksel V. Johannesen
Múte Bourup Egede
Legislature
History
• Unification
c. 965[4]
• Faroese home rule
24 March 1948[5]
• Greenlandic home rule
1 May 1979[6]
• Faroese takeover act
29 July 2005[7][8]
• Greenlandic self rule
21 June 2009
Area
• Denmark
2,220,093 km2 (857,183 sq mi) (12th)
• Faroe Islands
1,396 km2 (538.999 sq mi)
• Greenland
2,166,086 km2 (836,330 sq mi)
Population
• Q2 2023 estimate
6,049,579 (112th)
• Denmark
5,941,388[9]
• Greenland and Faroe Islands
108,191[10][11]
GDP (PPP)2022 estimate
• Total
€380 billion[12]
• Per capita
€62,814
HDI (2021)0.948
very high
CurrencyDanish krone[d] (DKK)
Faroese króna
Time zone
List
• Summer (DST)
List
  • UTC+2 (CEST) (Denmark)
  • UTC+1 (WEST) (Faroe Islands)
  • UTC-3 to 0 (ADT, WGST, EGST, GMT) (Greenland)
Driving sideright
Calling code
3 codes[13]
ISO 3166 codeDK
Internet TLD
3 TLDs
  • .dk  (Denmark)[e]
  • .fo  (Faroe Islands)
  • .gl  (Greenland)

The Danish Realm,[f] officially the Kingdom of Denmark,[h] refers to the area over which the monarch of Denmark is head of state. It consists of metropolitan Denmark—the kingdom's territory in continental Europe and sometimes called "Denmark proper" (Danish: egentlige Danmark)—and the realm's two autonomous regions: the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America.[17] The relationship between the three parts of the Kingdom is also known as The unity of the Realm.[i]

The Kingdom of Denmark is not a federation; it is a concept encompassing the three autonomous legal systems of Denmark, the Faroe Islands and Greenland, united under its monarch. The Kingdom of Denmark is a unitary sovereign state. It has Arctic territorial claims in the Arctic Ocean: various sites near the North Pole (Lomonosov Ridge, Gakkel Ridge, Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge complex, and the Chukchi Borderland). Constitutionally, the Kingdom of Denmark encompasses the realm, but the Faroe Islands and Greenland have an extended degree of autonomy to govern their relations.

The Faroe Islands and Greenland have been under the Crown of Denmark since 1397 (de facto) when the Kalmar Union was ratified, and part of the Danish Realm since 1814 (de jure). However, due to their separate historical and cultural identities, these parts of the Realm now have an extensive degree of self-government and have assumed legislative and administrative responsibility in a substantial number of fields.[21]

Legal matters in the Realm are subject to the Constitution of the Realm of Denmark.[22] It stipulates that it applies for all parts of the Kingdom of Denmark and that legislative, executive and judicial powers are the responsibility of the Parliament of the Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Folketing), the Government of Denmark and the Supreme Court of Denmark. The Faroe Islands were granted home rule via an independence referendum in 1946, and Greenland did so in a 1979 referendum. In 2005, the Faroes received a self-government arrangement, and in 2009 Greenland received "self rule", thus leaving the government of Denmark with little influence over the matters of internal affairs that are devolved to the local governments of Greenland and the Faroe Islands.

The realm has land borders with Germany (the Danish-German border) and Canada (Hans Island), and a road and rail bridge-tunnel that connects to Malmö, Sweden (the Danish-Swedish border).

  1. ^ "Not one but two national anthems". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
  2. ^ Magnussen, Kristin (1 January 2009). "Sprog i fokus: Færøsk". Sprog I Norden (in Danish). 40 (1): 251–258.
  3. ^ "Inatsisartutlov nr. 7 af 19. maj 2010 om sprogpolitik" (in Danish). Formandens Departement. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  4. ^ "Denmark". The World Factbook. CIA. 29 April 2010. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Faroese home rule was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Greenland was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ "Lov om de færøske myndigheders overtagelse af sager og sagsområder" (in Danish). Retsinformation. 24 June 2005. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  8. ^ "Den færøske hjemmestyreordning" (in Danish). Statsministeriet. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  9. ^ Population figures
  10. ^ "2020 Population". Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  11. ^ "Faroe Islands Population". Hagstova Føroya. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  12. ^ "Gross domestic product at market prices (Current prices and per capita)". Eurostat.
  13. ^ International Telecommunication Union (1 November 2011). "List of ITU-T Recommendation E.164 assigned country codes" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2012.
  14. ^ "Danmarkip naalagaaffiata inatsisai tunngaviusut" (in Kalaallisut). High Commission of Denmark in Greenland. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  15. ^ Udenrigsministeriet – Ministry of Foreign Affairs: "Rigsfællesskabet"
  16. ^ "Ymisk ofta nýtt heiti í stjórnarráðunum á føroyskum, donskum og enskum" (PDF) (in Faroese). LØGMANSSKRIVSTOVAN. Retrieved 15 September 2021.[permanent dead link]
  17. ^ Administrative divisions – Denmark Archived 11 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine The World Factbook. Access date: 14 April 2012
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference :14 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Ríkisfelagsskapurin – ein grundarsteinur[permanent dead link], jn.fo, 4 June 2019
  20. ^ Kim Kielsen naalagaaffeqatigiinneq pillugu ukiumoortumik ataatsimiinnissami tikeraartitsisuussaaq Archived 6 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Government of Greenland, 8 April 2019
  21. ^ "Greenland and the Faroe Islands". Denmark.dk. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark. Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  22. ^ See "Danmarks Riges Grundlov" (§ 1).


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