Back Dawn-ruimtetuig Afrikaans داون (مسبار فضائي) Arabic Дон (космически апарат) Bulgarian डॉन अंतरिक्षयान Bihari Dawn (letjelica) BS Dawn Catalan Dawn (sonda) Czech Dawn (rumsonde) Danish Dawn (Raumsonde) German Διαστημική αποστολή Dawn Greek
&sq=Vangelis&lang=en&file=File:Dawn_spacecraft_model.png) Illustration of the Dawn spacecraft | |||||||||
| Mission type | Multi-target orbiter | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | NASA / JPL | ||||||||
| COSPAR ID | 2007-043A | ||||||||
| SATCAT no. | 32249 | ||||||||
| Website | http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/ | ||||||||
| Mission duration | 11 years, 1 month and 4 days [1][2] | ||||||||
| Spacecraft properties | |||||||||
| Manufacturer | |||||||||
| Launch mass | 1,217.7 kg (2,684.6 lb)[4] | ||||||||
| Dry mass | 747.1 kg (1,647.1 lb)[4] | ||||||||
| Dimensions | 1.64 × 19.7 × 1.77 m (5.4 × 65 × 5.8 ft)[4] | ||||||||
| Power | 10 kW at 1 AU[4] 1.3 kW at 3 AU[5] | ||||||||
| Start of mission | |||||||||
| Launch date | September 27, 2007, 11:34 UTC[6] | ||||||||
| Rocket | Delta II 7925H | ||||||||
| Launch site | Cape Canaveral SLC-17B | ||||||||
| Contractor | United Launch Alliance | ||||||||
| End of mission | |||||||||
| Disposal | Uncontrolled stable orbit | ||||||||
| Last contact | October 30, 2018[7] | ||||||||
| Orbital parameters | |||||||||
| Reference system | Ceres | ||||||||
| Regime | Highly elliptical | ||||||||
| Semi-major axis | 2,475.1356 kilometres (1,537.9780 mi)[8] | ||||||||
| Eccentricity | 0.7952 [8] | ||||||||
| Periapsis altitude | 37.004 kilometres (22.993 mi) | ||||||||
| Apoapsis altitude | 3,973.866 kilometres (2,469.246 mi) | ||||||||
| Inclination | 76.1042 degrees[8] | ||||||||
| Period | 1,628.68 minutes[8] | ||||||||
| RAAN | −79.4891 degrees[8] | ||||||||
| Argument of periapsis | 164.1014 degrees[8] | ||||||||
| Epoch | October 30, 2018, 00:00:00 UTC[8] | ||||||||
| Flyby of Mars | |||||||||
| Closest approach | February 18, 2009, 00:27:58 UTC[6] | ||||||||
| Distance | 542 km (337 mi)[6] | ||||||||
| 4 Vesta orbiter | |||||||||
| Orbital insertion | July 16, 2011, 04:47 UTC[9] | ||||||||
| Orbital departure | September 5, 2012, 06:26 UTC[6] | ||||||||
| 1 Ceres orbiter | |||||||||
| Orbital insertion | March 6, 2015, 12:29 UTC[6] | ||||||||
| |||||||||
&sq=Vangelis&lang=en&file=File:Dawn_logo.png){kind=logo} Dawn mission patch | |||||||||
Dawn is a retired space probe that was launched by NASA in September 2007 with the mission of studying two of the three known protoplanets of the asteroid belt: Vesta and Ceres.[1] In the fulfillment of that mission—the ninth in NASA's Discovery Program—Dawn entered orbit around Vesta on July 16, 2011, and completed a 14-month survey mission before leaving for Ceres in late 2012.[10][11] It entered orbit around Ceres on March 6, 2015.[12][13] In 2017, NASA announced that the planned nine-year mission would be extended until the probe's hydrazine fuel supply was depleted.[14] On November 1, 2018, NASA announced that Dawn had depleted its hydrazine, and the mission was ended. The derelict probe remains in a stable orbit around Ceres.[15]
Dawn is the first spacecraft to have orbited two extraterrestrial bodies,[16] the first spacecraft to have visited either Vesta or Ceres, and the first to have orbited a dwarf planet.[17]
The Dawn mission was managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, with spacecraft components contributed by European partners from Italy, Germany, France, and the Netherlands.[18] It was the first NASA exploratory mission to use ion propulsion, which enabled it to enter and leave the orbit of two celestial bodies. Previous multi-target missions using rockets powered by chemical engine, such as the Voyager program, were restricted to flybys.[5]
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
NASA-20180907was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
GSpaceTimelinewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Dawn".
- ^ a b c d "Dawn at Ceres" (PDF) (Press kit). NASA / Jet Propulsion Laboratory. March 2015.
- ^ a b Rayman, Marc; Fraschetti, Thomas C.; Raymond, Carol A.; Russell, Christopher T. (April 5, 2006). "Dawn: A mission in development for exploration of main belt asteroids Vesta and Ceres" (PDF). Acta Astronautica. 58 (11): 605–616. Bibcode:2006AcAau..58..605R. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.01.014. Retrieved April 14, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e "Dawn". National Space Science Data Center. NASA. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
NYT-20181101was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d e f g "Nasa Horizons Ephemeris – Target body name: Dawn (spacecraft) (-203)". NASA JPL. January 6, 2022.
- ^ Brown, Dwayne C.; Vega, Priscilla (August 1, 2011). "NASA's Dawn Spacecraft Begins Science Orbits of Vesta". NASA. Archived from the original on February 2, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
- ^ "NASA's Dawn Spacecraft Hits Snag on Trip to 2 Asteroids". Space.com. August 15, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2012.
- ^ "Dawn Gets Extra Time to Explore Vesta". NASA. April 18, 2012. Archived from the original on April 21, 2012. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ^ Landau, Elizabeth; Brown, Dwayne (March 6, 2015). "NASA Spacecraft Becomes First to Orbit a Dwarf Planet". NASA. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
- ^ Rayman, Marc (March 6, 2015). "Dawn Journal: Ceres Orbit Insertion!". Planetary Society. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
- ^ Landau, Elizabeth (October 19, 2017). "Dawn Mission Extended at Ceres". NASA. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
- ^ Northon, Karen (November 1, 2018). "NASA's Dawn Mission to Asteroid Belt Comes to End". NASA. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
- ^ Rayman, Marc (April 8, 2015). Now Appearing At a Dwarf Planet Near You: NASA's Dawn Mission to the Asteroid Belt (Speech). Silicon Valley Astronomy Lectures. Foothill College, Los Altos, CA. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
- ^ Siddiqi, Asif A. (2018). Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958–2016 (PDF). The NASA history series (second ed.). Washington, D.C.: NASA History Program Office. p. 2. ISBN 9781626830424. LCCN 2017059404. SP2018-4041.
- ^ Evans, Ben (October 8, 2017). "Complexity and Challenge: Dawn Project Manager Speaks of Difficult Voyage to Vesta and Ceres". AmericaSpace. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
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