Desert blues

Desert blues
Tuareg desert rock band Tinariwen performing in Nuremberg in 2010
Native name	Tishoumaren, assouf
Other names	Saharan rock Mali blues Tuareg rock
Stylistic origins	Malian music Tuareg music Berber music blues rock
Cultural origins	From 1980s to 1990s, Tuareg people in North Africa, West Africa and Sahara regions
Typical instruments	electric guitar electric bass teherdent tende drum kit
Regional scenes
Mali Niger Algeria Western Sahara

Tishoumaren (ⵜⵉⵛⵓⵎⴰⵔⴻⵏ in Neo-Tifinagh script) or assouf,^[1] internationally known as desert blues, is a style of music from the Sahara region of northern and west Africa. Critics describe the music as a fusion of blues and rock music with Tuareg, Malian or North African music.^[2] Various other terms are used to describe it^[1] including desert rock, Saharan rock,^[3] Takamba,^[2] Mali blues,^[4] Tuareg rock^[5] or simply "guitar music".^[6] The style has been pioneered by Tuareg musicians in the Sahara region, particularly in Mali, Niger, Libya, Western Sahara, Algeria, Burkina Faso and others.^[7]

The musical style took shape as an expression of the culture of the traditionally nomadic Tuareg people, amid their difficult sociopolitical situation, including rebellions, widespread displacement and exile in post-colonial Africa.^[7] The word Tishoumaren is derived from the French word chômeur, meaning "the unemployed".^[1]

The genre was first pioneered by and popularized outside of Africa by Ali Farka Touré and later Tinariwen. In recent years, artists like Mdou Moctar and Bombino have continued to adapt Saharan rock music and have achieved international success.^{[8][2][3][9][7]}