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The deuterocanonical books,[a] meaning "Of, pertaining to, or constituting a second canon,"[1] collectively known as the Deuterocanon (DC),[2] are additional books and passages considered by the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches or the Assyrian Church of the East to be canonical books of the Old Testament, but which modern Jews and Protestants regard as apocrypha. The term historically denoted a secondary status and now has a Catholic usage relating to formal recognition as part of the Catholic canon in a second tranche.
Seven books are accepted as deuterocanonical by all the ancient churches: Tobias, Judith, Baruch, Ecclesiasticus, Wisdom, First and Second Maccabees and also certain additions to Esther and Daniel;[4] these were regularly found in old manuscripts and ancient patristic canons. The Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches and the Assyrian Church of the East also have various other minor books as part of their Bibles.
They date from 300 BC to 100 AD, before the separation of the Christian church from Judaism.[5][6][7] While the New Testament never directly quotes from or names these books (except for the Book of Enoch, traditionally accepted by the Ethiopian church only), the apostles quoted the Septuagint, which includes them.
According to the Gelasian Decree written by an anonymous author, the Council of Rome (382 AD) defined a list of books of scripture as canonical. It included most of the deuterocanonical books.[8][9] Patristic and synodal lists from the 200s, 300s and 400s usually include selections of the deutorocanonical books; Jerome in the 5th century was an early source for a restricted canon only.
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