Intolerance (film)

Intolerance
Intolerance
	Theatrical poster
Directed by	D. W. Griffith
Written by	D. W. Griffith; Hettie Gray Baker; Tod Browning; Anita Loos; Mary H. O'Connor; Frank E. Woods
Produced by	D. W. Griffith
Starring	Vera Lewis; Ralph Lewis; Mae Marsh; Robert Harron; Constance Talmadge; Lillian Gish; Josephine Crowell; Margery Wilson; Frank Bennett; Elmer Clifton; Miriam Cooper; Alfred Paget
Cinematography	Billy Bitzer
Edited by	D. W. Griffith; James Smith; Rose Smith
Music by	Joseph Carl Breil; Julián Carrillo; Carl Davis (for 1989 restoration)
Distributed by	Triangle Distributing Corporation
Release date	September 5, 1916 (U.S.);
Running time	210 minutes (original release); 197 minutes (most surviving cuts)
Country	United States
Language	Silent (English intertitles)
Budget	$385,907
Box office	$1.75 million (theatrical rental)

Intolerance is a 1916 epic silent film directed by D. W. Griffith. Subtitles include Love's Struggle Throughout the Ages and A Sun-Play of the Ages.^[2]^[3]

Regarded as one of the most influential films of the silent era (though it received mixed reviews at the time),^[4] the three-and-a-half-hour epic intercuts four parallel storylines, each separated by several centuries: first, a contemporary melodrama of crime and redemption; second, a Judean story: Christ's mission and death; third, a French story: the events surrounding the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of 1572; and fourth, a Babylonian story: the fall of the Babylonian Empire to Persia in 539 BC. Each story had its own distinctive color tint in the original print.^[3] The scenes are linked by shots of a figure representing Eternal Motherhood, rocking a cradle.^[3]

Griffith chose to explore the theme of intolerance partly in response to his previous film The Birth of a Nation (1915) being derided by the NAACP and others for perpetuating and supporting racial stereotypes and glorifying the Ku Klux Klan.^[5]^[6] Intolerance was not, however, an apology, as Griffith felt he had nothing to apologize for;^[4] in numerous interviews, Griffith made clear that the film was a rebuttal to his critics and he felt that they were, in fact, the intolerant ones.^[7] In the years following its release, Intolerance strongly influenced European film movements. In 1958, the film was voted number 7 on the Brussels 12 list at the 1958 World Expo. In 1989, it was one of the first films to be selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

PLAY Intolerance (1916), Collection National Film Registry, runtime 02:56:26

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^ Internet Archive for Intolerance (1916), D. W. Griffith. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
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[IN-2] Internet Archive for Intolerance (1916), D. W. Griffith. Retrieved May 21, 2016.

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