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Methanium

Not to be confused with methenium.
Methanium
A carbon atom, bearing a formal charge of +1, single-bonded to each of five hydrogen atoms
"True" methanium, the metastable transitional state [CH5]+
A carbon atom single-bonded to each of three hydrogen atoms and engaging in a three-center two-electron bond with two additional hydrogen atoms, the group as a whole bearing a +1 charge
Fluxional methanium, [CH3(H2)]+
Names
IUPAC name
Methanium
Other names
carbonium (discouraged due to multiple definitions)[1]
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
  • true methanium: InChI=1S/CH5/h1H5/q+1
    Key: PXOFOHGGCICFQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • fluxional methanium: InChI=1S/CH5/c1-2/h2H,1H3/q+1
    Key: AJLDAZFHECSILY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • true methanium: [C+H5]
  • fluxional methanium: [CH3+].[HH]
Properties
CH+5
Molar mass 17.051 g·mol−1
Conjugate base Methane
Structure
trigonal bipyramidal
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

In chemistry, methanium is a complex positive ion with formula [CH5]+ (metastable transitional form, a carbon atom covalently bonded to five hydrogen atoms) or [CH3(H2)]+ (fluxional form, namely a molecule with one carbon atom covalently bonded to three hydrogen atoms and one dihydrogen molecule), bearing a +1 electric charge. It is a superacid and one of the onium ions, indeed the simplest carbonium ion.

It is highly unstable and highly reactive even upon having a complete octet, thus granting its superacidic properties.

Methanium can be produced in the laboratory as a rarefied gas or as a dilute species in superacids. It was prepared for the first time in 1950 and published in 1952 by Victor Talrose and his assistant Anna Konstantinovna Lyubimova.[2][3] It occurs as an intermediate species in chemical reactions.

The methanium ion is named after methane (CH4), by analogy with the derivation of ammonium ion (NH+4) from ammonia (NH3).

  1. ^ Chemistry, International Union of Pure and Applied (2009). "carbonium ion". IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology. IUPAC. doi:10.1351/goldbook.C00839. ISBN 978-0-9678550-9-7. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Talrose was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Nikolaev, Eugene (1998). "Victor Talrose: an appreciation". Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 33 (6): 499–501. Bibcode:1998JMSp...33..499N. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9888(199806)33:6<499::AID-JMS684>3.0.CO;2-C. ISSN 1076-5174.

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