Osteocalcin

BGLAP
Identifiers
Aliases	BGLAP, BGP, OC, OCN, bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein, Osteocalcin
External IDs	OMIM: 112260 MGI: 88155 HomoloGene: 104130 GeneCards: BGLAP
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	156,243,317 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (mouse)
End	88,280,050 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	putamen; ; substantia nigra; ; caudate nucleus; ; nucleus accumbens; ; right uterine tube; ; amygdala; ; hypothalamus; ; right lobe of liver; ; hippocampus proper; ; spleen;
	Top expressed in
	esophagus; ; cochlea; ; lip; ; placenta; ; lymph node; ; stomach; ; white adipose tissue; ; thyroid gland; ; morula; ; bone marrow;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	calcium ion binding; structural molecule activity; metal ion binding; hydroxyapatite binding; structural constituent of bone;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; perikaryon; rough endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus; cell projection; endoplasmic reticulum lumen; extracellular region; dendrite; Golgi lumen; extracellular space; vesicle;
Biological process	skeletal system development; bone mineralization; response to vitamin D; response to organic cyclic compound; ossification; response to testosterone; regulation of bone mineralization; biomineral tissue development; cellular response to growth factor stimulus; response to mechanical stimulus; human ageing; response to zinc ion; response to glucocorticoid; cellular response to vitamin D; response to activity; response to estrogen; odontogenesis; endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport; response to gravity; response to vitamin K; response to hydroxyisoflavone; cell adhesion; response to nutrient levels; regulation of osteoclast differentiation; osteoblast differentiation; response to inorganic substance; osteoblast development; response to ethanol; regulation of bone resorption; bone development; regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	632
	12095
	ENSG00000242252
	ENSMUSG00000074489
	P02818
	P54615
	NM_199173
	NM_031368; NM_001305448; NM_001305449; NM_001305450
	NP_954642
	NP_001292377; NP_001292378; NP_001292379; NP_112736
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Osteocalcin, also known as bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGLAP), is a small (49-amino-acid^[5]) noncollagenous protein hormone found in bone and dentin, first identified as a calcium-binding protein.^[6]

Because osteocalcin has gla domains, its synthesis is vitamin K dependent. In humans, osteocalcin is encoded by the BGLAP gene.^[7]^[8] Its receptors include GPRC6A, GPR158, and possibly a third, yet-to-be-identified receptor.^[9]^[10] There is evidence that GPR37 might be the third osteocalcin receptor.^[11]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000242252 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000074489 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Hauschka PV, Carr SA, Biemann K (1982). "Primary structure of monkey osteocalcin". Biochemistry. 21 (4): 638–42. doi:10.1021/bi00533a006. PMID 6978733.
^ Hauschka PV, Reid ML (August 1978). "Timed appearance of a calcium-binding protein containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in developing chick bone". Developmental Biology. 65 (2): 426–34. doi:10.1016/0012-1606(78)90038-6. PMID 680371.
^ Puchacz E, Lian JB, Stein GS, Wozney J, Huebner K, Croce C (May 1989). "Chromosomal localization of the human osteocalcin gene". Endocrinology. 124 (5): 2648–50. doi:10.1210/endo-124-5-2648. PMID 2785029.
^ Cancela L, Hsieh CL, Francke U, Price PA (September 1990). "Molecular structure, chromosome assignment, and promoter organization of the human matrix Gla protein gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 265 (25): 15040–8. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)77221-9. PMID 2394711.
^ Pi M, Wu Y, Quarles LD (July 2011). "GPRC6A mediates responses to osteocalcin in β-cells in vitro and pancreas in vivo". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 26 (7): 1680–3. doi:10.1002/jbmr.390. PMC 5079536. PMID 21425331.
^ Berger JM, Singh P, Khrimian L, Morgan DA, Chowdhury S, Arteaga-Solis E, et al. (September 2019). "Mediation of the Acute Stress Response by the Skeleton". Cell Metabolism. 30 (5): 890–902.e8. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.08.012. PMC 6834912. PMID 31523009.
^ Qian Z, Li H, Yang H, Yang Q, Lu Z, Wang L, et al. (October 2021). "Osteocalcin attenuates oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination via GPR37 signaling in the mouse brain". Science Advances. 7 (43): eabi5811. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.5811Q. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abi5811. PMC 8535816. PMID 34678058.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000242252 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000074489 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[5] Hauschka PV, Carr SA, Biemann K (1982). "Primary structure of monkey osteocalcin". Biochemistry. 21 (4): 638–42. doi:10.1021/bi00533a006. PMID 6978733.

[6] Hauschka PV, Reid ML (August 1978). "Timed appearance of a calcium-binding protein containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in developing chick bone". Developmental Biology. 65 (2): 426–34. doi:10.1016/0012-1606(78)90038-6. PMID 680371.

[pmid2785029-7] Puchacz E, Lian JB, Stein GS, Wozney J, Huebner K, Croce C (May 1989). "Chromosomal localization of the human osteocalcin gene". Endocrinology. 124 (5): 2648–50. doi:10.1210/endo-124-5-2648. PMID 2785029.

[pmid2394711-8] Cancela L, Hsieh CL, Francke U, Price PA (September 1990). "Molecular structure, chromosome assignment, and promoter organization of the human matrix Gla protein gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 265 (25): 15040–8. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)77221-9. PMID 2394711.

[Pi_2011-9] Pi M, Wu Y, Quarles LD (July 2011). "GPRC6A mediates responses to osteocalcin in β-cells in vitro and pancreas in vivo". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 26 (7): 1680–3. doi:10.1002/jbmr.390. PMC 5079536. PMID 21425331.

[BergerSingh2019-10] Berger JM, Singh P, Khrimian L, Morgan DA, Chowdhury S, Arteaga-Solis E, et al. (September 2019). "Mediation of the Acute Stress Response by the Skeleton". Cell Metabolism. 30 (5): 890–902.e8. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.08.012. PMC 6834912. PMID 31523009.

[11] Qian Z, Li H, Yang H, Yang Q, Lu Z, Wang L, et al. (October 2021). "Osteocalcin attenuates oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination via GPR37 signaling in the mouse brain". Science Advances. 7 (43): eabi5811. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.5811Q. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abi5811. PMC 8535816. PMID 34678058.

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