Pan (god)

Pan
Pan
God of nature, the wild, shepherds, flocks, and mountain wilds
	Pan teaching his eromenos, the shepherd Daphnis, to play his pan flute, Roman copy of Greek original c. 100 BC, found in Pompeii.
Abode	Arcadia
Symbol	Pan flute, goat
Personal information
Parents	Hermes and a daughter of Dryops, or Penelope
Consort	Syrinx, Echo, Pitys
Children	Silenus, Iynx, Krotos, Xanthus (out of Twelve)
Equivalents
Roman equivalent	Faunus; Inuus

In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Pan (/pæn/;^[2] Ancient Greek: Πάν, romanized: Pán) is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, rustic music and impromptus, and companion of the nymphs.^[3] He has the hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, in the same manner as a faun or satyr. With his homeland in rustic Arcadia, he is also recognized as the god of fields, groves, wooded glens, and often affiliated with sex; because of this, Pan is connected to fertility and the season of spring.^[1]

In Roman religion and myth, Pan was frequently identified with Faunus, a nature god who was the father of Bona Dea, sometimes identified as Fauna; he was also closely associated with Silvanus, due to their similar relationships with woodlands, and Inuus, a vaguely-defined deity also sometimes identified with Faunus.^[4]^[5]^[6] In the 18th and 19th centuries, Pan became a significant figure in the Romantic movement of western Europe and also in the 20th-century Neopagan movement.^[7]

^ ^a ^b Neto, F. T. L.; Bach, P. V.; Lyra, R. J. L.; Borges Junior, J. C.; Maia, G. T. d. S.; Araujo, L. C. N.; Lima, S. V. C. (2019). "Gods associated with male fertility and virility". Andrology. 7 (3): 267–272. doi:10.1111/andr.12599. PMID 30786174. S2CID 73507440.
^ "Pan" (Greek mythology) entry in Collins English Dictionary.
^ Edwin L. Brown, "The Lycidas of Theocritus Idyll 7", Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 1981:59–100.
^ Schmitz, Leonhard (1849). "Pan". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. III. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. pp. 106, 107.
^ Morford, Mark P. O.; Lenardon, Robert J. (1985) [1971]. Classical Mythology (third ed.). New York and London: Longman. pp. 476, 477.
^ Grant, Michael (1984) [1971]. Roman Myths. New York: Dorset Press.
^ The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft, Hutton, Ronald, chapter 3

[onlinelibrary.wiley.com-1] Neto, F. T. L.; Bach, P. V.; Lyra, R. J. L.; Borges Junior, J. C.; Maia, G. T. d. S.; Araujo, L. C. N.; Lima, S. V. C. (2019). "Gods associated with male fertility and virility". Andrology. 7 (3): 267–272. doi:10.1111/andr.12599. PMID 30786174. S2CID 73507440.

[2] "Pan" (Greek mythology) entry in Collins English Dictionary.

[3] Edwin L. Brown, "The Lycidas of Theocritus Idyll 7", Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 1981:59–100.

[4] Schmitz, Leonhard (1849). "Pan". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. III. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. pp. 106, 107.

[5] Morford, Mark P. O.; Lenardon, Robert J. (1985) [1971]. Classical Mythology (third ed.). New York and London: Longman. pp. 476, 477.

[6] Grant, Michael (1984) [1971]. Roman Myths. New York: Dorset Press.

[7] The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft, Hutton, Ronald, chapter 3

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