Philip II of Macedon

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Philip II
Bust of Philip II, Roman copy from a Greek original, from the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen.
King of Macedonia
Reign	359 – 21 October 336 BC
Predecessor	Amyntas IV
Successor	Alexander the Great
Hegemon of the Hellenic League[1]
Reign	337 BC
Successor	Alexander the Great
Born	382 BC Pella, Macedon (modern-day Pella, Greece)
Died	21 October 336 BC (aged 46) Aigai, Macedon (modern-day Vergina, Greece)
Burial	Aigai, Macedon (modern-day Vergina, Greece)
Wives	Audata Phila Nicesipolis Olympias Philinna Meda of Odessos Cleopatra Eurydice
Issue	Cynane Philip III Alexander the Great Cleopatra Thessalonica Europa Caranus
Names Philip II of Macedon
Greek	Φίλιππος
House	Argead dynasty
Father	Amyntas III
Mother	Eurydice I
Religion	Ancient Greek religion

Philip II of Macedon^[2] (Greek: Φίλιππος Philippos; 382 BC – 21 October 336 BC) was the king (basileus) of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia from 359 BC until his death in 336 BC.^[3] He was a member of the Argead dynasty, founders of the ancient kingdom, and the father of Alexander the Great.

The rise of Macedon, including its conquest and political consolidation of most of Classical Greece during his reign, was achieved by his reformation of the army (the establishment of the Macedonian phalanx that proved critical in securing victories on the battlefield), his extensive use of siege engines, and his use of effective diplomacy and marriage alliances.

After defeating the Greek city-states of Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC, Philip II led the effort to establish a federation of Greek states known as the League of Corinth, with him as the elected hegemon and commander-in-chief^[4] of Greece for a planned invasion of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia. However, his assassination by a royal bodyguard, Pausanias of Orestis, led to the immediate succession of his son Alexander, who would go on to invade the Achaemenid Empire in his father's stead.