Scottish English

Scottish English (Scottish Gaelic: Beurla Albannach) is the set of varieties of the English language spoken in Scotland. The transregional, standardised variety is called Scottish Standard English or Standard Scottish English (SSE).^[1][2][3] Scottish Standard English may be defined as "the characteristic speech of the professional class [in Scotland] and the accepted norm in schools".^[4] IETF language tag for "Scottish Standard English" is en-scotland.^[5]

In addition to distinct pronunciation, grammar and expressions, Scottish English has distinctive vocabulary, particularly pertaining to Scottish institutions such as the Church of Scotland, local government and the education and legal systems.^[6]

Scottish Standard English is at one end of a bipolar linguistic continuum, with focused^{[clarification needed]} broad Scots at the other.^[7] Scottish English may be influenced to varying degrees by Scots.^[8][9] Many Scots speakers separate Scots and Scottish English as different registers depending on social circumstances.^[10] Some speakers code switch clearly from one to the other while others style shift in a less predictable and more fluctuating manner.^[10] Generally, there is a shift to Scottish English in formal situations or with individuals of a higher social status.^[11]