Thutmose III

Thutmose III
Thutmose III
Tuthmosis III, "Manahpi(r)ya" in the Amarna letters
	Thutmosis III statue in Luxor Museum
Pharaoh
Reign	1479 – 1425 BC
Predecessor	Hatshepsut
Successor	Amenhotep II
Horus name
Horus name
	Kanakht Khaemwaset; Mighty Bull, Arising in Thebes
Nebty name
	Wahnesytmireempet; Enduring in kingship like Re in heaven
Golden Horus
	Sekhempahtydsejerkhaw; Powerful of strength, holy of diadems
Prenomen (Praenomen)
	Menkheperre; Lasting is the Manifestation of Re
Nomen
	Djehutymes Neferkheperu; Thoth is born, beautiful of forms
	;
Consort	Neferure; Satiah, Hatshepsut-Meryetre, Nebtu, Menwi, Merti, Menhet, Nebsemi
Children	Amenemhat, Amenhotep II, Beketamun, Iset, Menkheperre, Meritamen C and Meritamen D, Nebetiunet, Nefertiri, Siamun
Father	Thutmose II
Mother	Iset
Born	1481 BC
Died	1425 BC (aged 56)
Burial	KV34; Mummy found in the Deir el-Bahri royal cache (Theban Necropolis)
Monuments	Cleopatra's Needle; Obelisk of Theodosius
Dynasty	18th Dynasty

Thutmose III (variously also spelt Tuthmosis or Thothmes), sometimes called Thutmose the Great,^[3] was the sixth pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty. Officially he ruled Egypt from 28 April 1479 BC until 11 March 1425 BC, commencing with his coronation at the age of two and concluding with his death, aged fifty-six; however, during the first 22 years of his reign, he was coregent with his stepmother and aunt, Hatshepsut, who was named the pharaoh. While he was shown first on surviving monuments, both were assigned the usual royal names and insignia and neither is given any obvious seniority over the other.^[4] Thutmose served as the head of Hatshepsut's armies. During the final two years of his reign, he appointed his son and successor, Amenhotep II, as his junior co-regent. His firstborn son and heir to the throne, Amenemhat, predeceased Thutmose III.

Thutmose III is regarded as one of the greatest warriors, military commanders, and military strategists of all time,^[5] as Egypt's preeminent warrior pharaoh and conqueror,^[6]^[7] and as a dominant figure in the New Kingdom period, itself considered the height of Egyptian power.^[8] He became sole ruler after Hatshepsut's death, and conducted no fewer than 17 campaigns, up to 20 in total, all victorious, while expanding Egypt's empire to its largest extent.^[9]

Numerous recordings of his military campaigns are detailed in the inscriptions known as the Annals of Thutmose III. He is also considered the father of the ancient Egyptian navy, creating the first combat navy in the ancient world.^[10] He has been referred to as the "Napoleon of Egypt".^[11]

^ Clayton, Peter. Chronicle of the Pharaohs, Thames & Hudson Ltd., 1994. p. 104
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference RoyalFamilies was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Ancient Egypt's Greatest Warrior: TuthmosIs The 3rd – Egypt's Napoleon (Full History Documentary)". dokus4free. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
^ Partridge, R., 2002. Fighting Pharaohs: Weapons and warfare in ancient Egypt. Manchester: Peartree. pp. 202–203
^ Gabriel, Richard A. (2009). Thutmose III: A Military Biography of Egypt's Greatest Warrior King (1st ed.). Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books. pp. 3, 21–23, 81. ISBN 978-1-59797-373-1.
^ Edwards, I. E. S.; Gadd, C. J.; Hammond, N. G. L; Sollberger, E., eds. (1975). The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 2, Part 2: The Middle East and the Aegean Region, c. 1380–1000 BC. Vol. II (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 21. ISBN 0-521-08691-4.
^ Gabriel, Richard A. (2009). Thutmose III: A Military Biography of Egypt's Greatest Warrior King (1st ed.). Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books. pp. 2–3, 26, 81, 203–204. ISBN 978-1-59797-373-1.
^ Putnam, James (1990). An Introduction to Egyptology. Crescent Books. pp. 33–34. ISBN 9780517023365.
^ Gabriel, Richard A. (2009). Thutmose III: A Military Biography of Egypt's Greatest Warrior King (1st ed.). Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books. pp. 3, 23, 199. ISBN 978-1-59797-373-1.
^ Gabriel, Richard A. (2001). Great Captains of Antiquity (1st ed.). Greenwood Press. pp. 43–44. ISBN 0-313-31285-0.
^ Gabriel, Richard A. (2001). Great Captains of Antiquity (1st ed.). Greenwood Press. p. 20. ISBN 0-313-31285-0.

[Clayton_104-1] Clayton, Peter. Chronicle of the Pharaohs, Thames & Hudson Ltd., 1994. p. 104

[RoyalFamilies-2] Cite error: The named reference RoyalFamilies was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[3] "Ancient Egypt's Greatest Warrior: TuthmosIs The 3rd – Egypt's Napoleon (Full History Documentary)". dokus4free. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.

[4] Partridge, R., 2002. Fighting Pharaohs: Weapons and warfare in ancient Egypt. Manchester: Peartree. pp. 202–203

[5] Gabriel, Richard A. (2009). Thutmose III: A Military Biography of Egypt's Greatest Warrior King (1st ed.). Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books. pp. 3, 21–23, 81. ISBN 978-1-59797-373-1.

[6] Edwards, I. E. S.; Gadd, C. J.; Hammond, N. G. L; Sollberger, E., eds. (1975). The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 2, Part 2: The Middle East and the Aegean Region, c. 1380–1000 BC. Vol. II (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 21. ISBN 0-521-08691-4.

[7] Gabriel, Richard A. (2009). Thutmose III: A Military Biography of Egypt's Greatest Warrior King (1st ed.). Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books. pp. 2–3, 26, 81, 203–204. ISBN 978-1-59797-373-1.

[8] Putnam, James (1990). An Introduction to Egyptology. Crescent Books. pp. 33–34. ISBN 9780517023365.

[9] Gabriel, Richard A. (2009). Thutmose III: A Military Biography of Egypt's Greatest Warrior King (1st ed.). Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books. pp. 3, 23, 199. ISBN 978-1-59797-373-1.

[10] Gabriel, Richard A. (2001). Great Captains of Antiquity (1st ed.). Greenwood Press. pp. 43–44. ISBN 0-313-31285-0.

[11] Gabriel, Richard A. (2001). Great Captains of Antiquity (1st ed.). Greenwood Press. p. 20. ISBN 0-313-31285-0.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]