| Battle of Qbaada | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Russo-Circassian War | |||||||||
 Franz Roubaud. Reading the manifesto on the end of the Caucasian War by Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Russian Empire |
 Circassia | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Michael Nikolaevich Dimitri Ivanovich Pavel Khristoforovich Grabbe Pavel Shatilov Vasily Alexandrovich | Tribal leaders | ||||||||
| Units involved | |||||||||
|
|
| ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| 100,000-250,000 | 20,000 | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Unknown but heavy | 20,000 | ||||||||
| During the Circassian Genocide, about 1,500,000[1][2][3][4] indigenous highland Caucasians were expelled mainly to the Ottoman Empire, and a much smaller number to Persia. An unknown number of those expelled died during deportation.[5] | |||||||||
The Battle of Qbaada (Adyghe: Ӏаткъуадж зауэ, romanized: 'atqwadj zawə; Abkhaz: Гәбаадәы аибашьра, romanized: Gubaadu aibashra; Russian: Кра́снополя́нская битва) took place in 1864 between the last remains of the Circassians and the Russian imperial forces during the Russo-Circassian War.[6][2][7][8][3][9][4][10] It is widely accepted as the last battle of the war as no other significant battles, other than scattered rebellions, occurred thereafter.[11][12][13][4][14]
- ^ Richmond, Walter (2013). The Circassian Genocide. Rutgers University Press. back cover. ISBN 978-0-8135-6069-4.
- ^ a b "Çerkes Soykırımı nedir? 21 Mayıs 1864 Çerkes Sürgünü tarihçesi". Milliyet (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2019-07-20. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
- ^ a b Неизвестные войны России. Взятие Кбааде и завершение Кавказской войны в 1864 г.
- ^ a b c Ufuk Tavkul, "Kazaklar", Birleşik Kafkasya dergisi, Ankara, 2007, Sayı 6-7, sf. 33
- ^ McCarthy 1995:53, fn. 45
- ^ Semen Esadze. Çerkesya'nın Ruslar Tarafından İşgali. Ankara, 1995, sf. 123-132.
- ^ Jineps,2006,ek-1,s.2
- ^ T.V.Polovinkina, Çerkesya Gönül Yaram. Ankara, 2007, sf. 258
- ^ Nıbe Anzor, 'Çerkes Meclisi 150 Yaşında', (In Turkish)
- ^ "Çerkesler olimpiyat meşalesini söndürdü". www.cumhuriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-01-13.
- ^ Semen Esadze. Çerkesya'nın Ruslar Tarafından İşgali. Ankara, 1995, sf. 123-132.
- ^ Jineps,2006,ek-1,s.2
- ^ T.V.Polovinkina, Çerkesya Gönül Yaram. Ankara, 2007, sf. 258
- ^ Weismann, Ein Blick auf die Circassianer
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