Destruction under the Mongol Empire

Destruction under the Mongol Empire
Destruction under the Mongol Empire
Part of Mongol invasions and conquests
	The Mongol siege of Baghdad in 1258
Location	Eurasia
Date	1206–1368
Attack type	Massacres, famine, genocide, androcide
Deaths	40 to 75+ million
Perpetrators	Mongol Empire

The Mongol conquests of the 13th century resulted in widespread and well-documented destruction. The Mongol army conquered hundreds of cities and villages and killed millions of people. One estimate is that about 10 percent of the world's population was killed either during or immediately after the Mongol invasions, around 37.75–60 million people in Eurasia.^[8] These events are regarded as some of the deadliest acts of mass killing in human history.

Mongol conquests were described as genocidal.^[9] British historian John Joseph Saunders described the army of the Mongol Empire as "the most notorious practitioners of genocide".^[10]

^ Jones, Adam (2006). Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Publishers. ISBN 978-0-415-35385-4. p.3
^ The Encyclopedia of Genocide, ABC-CLIO, 1999, p. 48, article "Afghanistan, Genocide of"
^ Man, John (2004), Genghis Khan: Life, Death, and Resurrection, New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, ISBN 9780312366247 p.116-117
^ The Secret History of the Mongols: Translated, Annotated, and with an Introduction by Urgunge Onon (2001). pp. 53-54, 57, 61, 111-135, 205
^ Ho, Ping-Ti (1970). "An estimate of the total population of Sung-Chin China". Histoire et institutions, 1. pp. 33–54. doi:10.1515/9783111542737-007. ISBN 978-3-11-154273-7. OCLC 8159945824.
^ McEvedy, Colin; Jones, Richard M. (1978). Atlas of World Population History. New York, NY: Puffin. p. 172. ISBN 9780140510768.
^ Graziella Caselli, Gillaume Wunsch, Jacques Vallin (2005). "Demography: Analysis and Synthesis, Four Volume Set: A Treatise in Population". Academic Press. p.34. ISBN 0-12-765660-X
^ "Twentieth Century Atlas - Historical Body Count". necrometrics.com. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
^ Wyatt, Don J. (2021). "Slavery and the Mongol Empire". In Allen, Richard B. (ed.). Slavery and Bonded Labor in Asia, 1250–1900. BRILL. p. 111. ISBN 9789004469655.
^ Buchstein, Fred (2001). "The History of the Mongol Conquests". The Journal of Military History. 65 (4). Lexington: 1081–1082. doi:10.2307/2677636. JSTOR 2677636. S2CID 162821241.

[1] Jones, Adam (2006). Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Publishers. ISBN 978-0-415-35385-4. p.3

[2] The Encyclopedia of Genocide, ABC-CLIO, 1999, p. 48, article "Afghanistan, Genocide of"

[3] Man, John (2004), Genghis Khan: Life, Death, and Resurrection, New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, ISBN 9780312366247 p.116-117

[4] The Secret History of the Mongols: Translated, Annotated, and with an Introduction by Urgunge Onon (2001). pp. 53-54, 57, 61, 111-135, 205

[5] Ho, Ping-Ti (1970). "An estimate of the total population of Sung-Chin China". Histoire et institutions, 1. pp. 33–54. doi:10.1515/9783111542737-007. ISBN 978-3-11-154273-7. OCLC 8159945824.

[6] McEvedy, Colin; Jones, Richard M. (1978). Atlas of World Population History. New York, NY: Puffin. p. 172. ISBN 9780140510768.

[7] Graziella Caselli, Gillaume Wunsch, Jacques Vallin (2005). "Demography: Analysis and Synthesis, Four Volume Set: A Treatise in Population". Academic Press. p.34. ISBN 0-12-765660-X

[8] "Twentieth Century Atlas - Historical Body Count". necrometrics.com. Retrieved 2020-10-21.

[9] Wyatt, Don J. (2021). "Slavery and the Mongol Empire". In Allen, Richard B. (ed.). Slavery and Bonded Labor in Asia, 1250–1900. BRILL. p. 111. ISBN 9789004469655.

[10] Buchstein, Fred (2001). "The History of the Mongol Conquests". The Journal of Military History. 65 (4). Lexington: 1081–1082. doi:10.2307/2677636. JSTOR 2677636. S2CID 162821241.

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