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Geert Hofstede | |
|---|---|
| Born | Gerard Hendrik Hofstede 2 October 1928 Haarlem, Netherlands |
| Died | 12 February 2020 (aged 91) Ede, Netherlands |
| Nationality | Dutch |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Social psychology, cross-cultural psychology, anthropology |
Gerard Hendrik (Geert) Hofstede (2 October 1928 – 12 February 2020) was a Dutch social psychologist, IBM employee, and Professor Emeritus of Organizational Anthropology and International Management at Maastricht University in the Netherlands,[1] well known for his pioneering research on cross-cultural groups and organizations.[2]
He is best known for developing one of the earliest and most popular frameworks for measuring cultural dimensions in a global perspective. Here he described national cultures along six dimensions: Power Distance, Individualism, Uncertainty avoidance, Masculinity, Long Term Orientation, and Indulgence vs. restraint. He was known for his books Culture's Consequences and Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, co-authored with his son Gert Jan Hofstede.[3][4] The latter book deals with organizational culture, which is a different structure from national culture, but also has measurable dimensions, and the same research methodology is used for both.
- ^ Hein Schreuder, Economics in Maastricht had to be intimidatingly different, more international and better, in: Annemieke Klijn, The Maastricht Experiment, 2016. ISBN 978 94 6004 310 9
- ^ Sent, Esther-Mirjam; Kroese, Annelie L. J. (2021). "Commemorating Geert Hofstede, a pioneer in the study of culture and institutions". Journal of Institutional Economics. 18: 15–27. doi:10.1017/S174413742000051X. ISSN 1744-1374.
- ^ Hofstede, Geert (2001). Culture's Consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-0-8039-7323-7. OCLC 45093960.
- ^ Hofstede, Geert; Hofstede, Gert Jan (2005). Cultures and organizations: software of the mind (Revised and expanded 2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-143959-6. OCLC 57069196.
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