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A human shield is a non-combatant (or a group of non-combatants) who either volunteers or is forced to shield a legitimate military target in order to deter the enemy from attacking it.^[1]

The concept of human shields as a resistance measure was created by Mahatma Gandhi as a weapon of resistance.^[2] Human shields have also been used in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict by the Israeli forces and Palestinian groups.^[3]^[4]^[5]

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^ Gordon, Neve; Perugini, Nicola (2020). Human Shields: A History of People in the Line of Fire. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520301849.
^ Cite error: The named reference Gordon Perugini was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Gordon, Perugini, Human Shields: A History of People in the Line of Fire, pp. 4–5.
^ Cite error: The named reference :02 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference :12 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).